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SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
STI’s
Sometimes the effects of having
sex can last longer than we want.
You should know:
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In China and around the world, STI’s are on the rise
You may have an STI and not even know! (Carrier)
Honesty is important but is not required, so trust is
Some are curable, some are not
Sex should by avoided until symptoms are gone
Women are more likely to get an STI!
Spread through the breaking down of membranes
You cannot catch from a towel, doorknob, or toilet
seat.
When left untreated, leads to more serious infections
Most increase the risk of contracting AIDS
Chlamydia or “The Clap” 衣原体
The most common bacterial infection
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Spread through oral, anal, vaginal or mother
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Symptoms occur 2-6 weeks after infection
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Most girls don't have any symptoms 75%
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Symptoms for girls include:
painful urination, pain during intercourse (bleeding),
eye/rectal infection, vaginal discharge, lower ab pain
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Often associated with other infections
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More likely to get HIV and Aids
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Treatment: Chlamydia can be treated and cured
easily with antibiotics.
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If untreated:: infertility, spread to other sex organs
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Gonorrhea 淋病
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Spreads the same as Chlamydia
Symptoms occur 2-4 weeks after infection
Often is a co-infection with Chlamydia
Symptoms are similar to Chlamydia
Gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID),
There are a lot of resistant strains, which makes
treatment more difficult.
In both guys and girls, untreated gonorrhea can
affect other organs and parts of the body
including the throat, eyes, heart, brain, skin, and
joints
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 盆腔炎
Is an infection of the fallopian tubes, uterus,
cervix, or ovaries
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Most girls develop PID as a result of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia
or gonorrhea
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Symptoms similar to Chlamydia, but includes:
foul-smelling or abnormally colored discharge, fever,
nausea, loss of appetite, spotting, back ache
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Untreated PID may lead to long-term reproductive
problems, including: Scarring in the ovaries,
fallopian tubes, and uterus
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Curable: Doctor will prescribe antibiotics to take
for a couple of weeks
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Syphilis 梅毒
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Occurs in Stages...if untreated
1st and 2nd stage: Highly Infectious
Syphilis is transmitted through contact with a
syphilis sore
Mirrors symptoms of common medical problems
The first symptom is a painless sore (Pimple)
The second stage is a body rash
Also fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, loss
of hair, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches,
and tiredness.
If remains in the body, then it may begin to
damage the internal organs
Like all bacterial infections, syphilis curable
Genital Warts (HPV) 生殖器疣
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Over 100 types, 40 occur on genitals
75% of adults have had one infection
Many people are carriers
Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after infection
High risk types cause Cervical CANCER
Intercourse or genital rubbing (outercourse)
Vaccinations are now available
Warts on the vulva, cervix, in or around the
vagina, penis, anus, scrotum, groin, or thigh.
There is no cure for HPV, but can be treated
easily with cryotherapy (dry ice treatment)
Genital Herpes (HSV – 2) 疱疹
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Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (cold sores)
and type 2 (genital)
Symptoms occur 2-30 days after infection
Most individuals have no or only minimal signs or symptoms from
HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection
When signs do occur, they typically appear as one or more blisters
Symptoms: fever, muscle pain, tender lymph nodes
Avoid sexually activity when show symptoms
Transmitted from the sores that the viruses cause, but they also are
released between episodes from skin that does not appear to be
broken or to have a sore
A person can get HSV-1 by coming into contact with the saliva of an
infected person, and can be spread to the genitals through oral sex
Outbreaks caused by: menstruation, stress, food, illness, intercourse,
exposure to sun, medication
No cure, but antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks
Hygiene is important
Hepatitis B (HBV) 肝炎
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It is transmitted through sexual intercourse and
through needles, and other bodily fluids
Show symptoms 8 weeks after infection
50% never show symptoms
Symptoms similar to those caused the flu and has
pain underneath the right ribcage where the liver
Can also cause jaundice, which is a yellowing of the
skin and the whites of the eyes, and may cause the
urine to appear brownish
Leads to liver damage and an increased risk of liver
cancer
Immunization (vaccine) against hepatitis B
HIV and Aids 艾滋病毒
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Destroys cells critical to immune system
Over time weakens body until Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (fatal) develops
Transmitted by infected blood, semen, vaginal
secretion or breast milk enters blood stream
Symptoms don’t show for years
If at high risk, get a blood test
Combinations of antiviral drugs and drugs boost
immune system allow people with HIV to resist
infections, stay healthy, and prolong lives
There is no cure
Up to 20 million in China have HIV, many do not know
Parasites and Fungus 寄生虫和菌
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Pubic Lice (Crabs): Tiny crabs that grow in hair
and feed on blood
Scabies: Mites that burrow under the skin
Both can be transmitted through physical contact
or fabric
Both can be cured by placing all fabric in a closed
bag for 3 days and shaving the infected area
Trichromoniasis: A single celled organism
Symptoms include irritation and yellow/green
foamy discharge
Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) 酵母感染
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75% of women have at least one
Is a fungus that grows in warm, moist areas
itching and irritation in the vagina
redness, swelling, or itching of the vulva (the folds
of skin outside the vagina)
a thick, white discharge that can look like cottage
cheese
pain or burning when urinating or during sex
Can be transferred to the man, but rare
Reasons for overgrowth: high sugar levels, tight
non-breathable underwear, scented tissue/soap,
PMS
Treatable with prescription from Doctor
Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染
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Bacteria that infect only the urethra (the short tube that delivers
urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is urethritis
Girls have shorter urethras, the opening lies closer to the rectum
and vagina
During sexual intercourse, the bacteria in the vaginal area may
be pushed into the urethra
not contagious, so you can't catch a urinary tract infection from
someone else
use of (including condoms treated with spermicide) and as
contraceptives may increase risk
Symptoms: frequent urination, burning or pain during
urination,the feeling of having to pee even though little or no
urine actually comes out, pain above the pubic bone (in women)
bloody or foul-smelling urine
The symptoms won't go away if you ignore them — they'll only
become worse
And…
Anyone can become infected, it only
takes one mistake