Download (OSHA) Orientation - La Salle University

La Salle University
School of Nursing & Health Sciences
Occupational & Safety Health
Administration (OSHA) Orientation
for Faculty
Welcome to La Salle!
The following slide show focuses on the following
objectives:
 Discusses role of microorganisms and pathogens
in chain of infection
 Describes bloodborne, airborne, droplet, contact,
vehicle and vector transmission of pathogens
 Explains protective interventions for decreasing
risk of infection
Please Note: Faculty


With proof of attendance at an OSHA
orientation during this past year you do not
need to review this presentation
Just take the post-test and submit it to the
Dean’s secretary
Bloodborne Pathogens & Other
Infectious Agents
Microorganisms are Everywhere


Most do not cause
disease and are
important for
everyday life
Some cause infection
and disease
(Pathogens)
Who Can Get Infection?


Host = you, the patient, patient’s family,
other healthcare workers, or visitors
Anyone can be at-risk for developing
infection after exposure if the
circumstances are night.
Microorganisms Are Spread in
These Ways
Airborne Transmission

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Person with infection
coughs, sneezes organism
into air
Organism remains
suspended in air
Susceptible person
breathes in organism and
may become infected
Example: TB, Measles,
chickenpox
Droplet Transmission


Droplets containing
microorganisms
contact mucous
membranes of
susceptible host
Example: Influenza,
meningococcal
meningitis, rubella,
mumps
Contact Transmission
•Touching surfaces that
are contaminated with
pathogens

Transferring
organisms to another
person or surface

Example: Chickenpox, C. difficile diarrhea, lice, scabies,
HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
Vehicle Transmission

Organism passed on
in food or water
Example: Hepatitis A,
Salmonella, Shigella,
Giardia, E. coli 0127
Vector Transmission

Etiologic agent must
pass through animal
or insect
•Example: Lyme disease, Rabies, West Nile Virus, Malaria
Stopping Infection Transmission

We can stop infection
from spreading to
others by interrupting
the way the
microorganisms get
from place to place.
Things You Can Do
Prevent the spread of
infection by:
 Washing your hands
 Using Standard
Precautions



Personal Protective
Equipment
Safety devices
Safe work practices
Best Practice

“Handwashing is the
single most effective
method to prevent the
spread of infection.”
Centers for Disease
Control & Prevention
Handwashing

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Running water – comfortable temperature
Soap – friction to all surfaces for 15-20 seconds

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Backs of hands, between fingers, under nails
Rinse well
Dry thoroughly
Use paper towel to turn off faucet (touching faucet
recontaminates you)
Standard Precautions


Protect you from both known and unknown
sources of infection
Should be used for everyone regardless of
diagnosis or infectious state
Be Aware!

Germs may enter
through cuts,
punctures, broken
skin, eyes-nose-throat
and mucous
membranes
Standard Precautions


WEAR GLOVES when touching blood,
body fluids, excretions, broken (non-intact)
skin, contaminated items
WASH HANDS before and after any
patient contact, after gloves removed,
before invasive or sterile procedures
Standard Precautions

Use personal
protective equipment
(PPE = gowns,
masks, eyewear,
gloves, etc.) to
prevent exposure
from splash of blood
or body fluids to face
or body
Infectious Waste


Use gloves to discard
items soiled with
blood or body fluids,
IV tubing, urinary
catheters &
nasogastric tubes into
the infectious waste
containers
Wash hands after
removing gloves
Prevent Sharps Injuries

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Be careful with sharps
Activate safety mechanisms
Don’t recap needles
Get help with uncooperative patients
Dispose immediately after use into
designated sharps container
How to Clean a Blood Spill
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Put on gloves (if spill is large, wear gown)
Use paper towels to absorb the blood, discard into
red bag
Clean area with soap & water
Disinfect area with product such as Hepacide
Discard all materials, including gloves into red
bag
Wash hands
For larger spills, call Environmental Services
Soiled Linen

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Handle all linen as
though it has blood or
body fluids on it
Place in linen bag
Wash hands after
handling soiled linen
Isolation

Sometimes additional precautions are
necessary for certain infections

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Airborne infections such as TB, measles, or
chickenpox need special air handling
Check your facility’s Infection Control
Manual for specific infections that need extra
precautions (isolation)
TB Skin Test - PPD

You should have a PPD
every year to check for
TB


A negative PPD usually
means you are not
infected with TB
A positive skin test for
TB (PPD) means you
may have been exposed
to tuberculosis and
should be evaluated for
active TB
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Rule

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Intent: To reduce or eliminate employee’s
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens
Any healthcare facility should have:

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Written exposure control plan
Engineering controls (e.g., sharps boxes, etc)
Safe work practices and safety devices
Hepatitis B vaccine available
Education and post-exposure follow-up
Occupational Exposure to
Bloodborne Pathogens

Occupational Exposure can occur following
contact with blood or body fluids in these ways:

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Percutaneous – any new break in the skin caused by
contaminated needle or other sharp object
Mucous membrane contact – any splash or splatter of
blood and/or body fluids to the eys, ears, nose,
mouth, etc.
Non-intact (broken) skin contact – any contact o
blood and/or body fluid with an existing break in the
skin
Bloodborne Pathogens

These pathogens are found in the blood and
certain body fluids of people who have
these infections

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Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Transmission of Hepatitis


Hepatitis B, C, and D are spread by contact
with blood or body fluids containing
Hepatitis B virus, or Hepatitis C virus, or
Hepatitis D virus
Prevention includes


Always using Standard Precautions
Getting your hepatitis B vaccine to prevent
hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Vaccine


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Hepatitis B Vaccine protects you from
getting Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B vaccine is available from
primary care providers
Most health care facilities provide it for
full-time employees
How is HIV Transmitted?

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Occupational exposure – blood or mucous
membrane contact with infected blood or body
fluids
Sexual contact with HIV-infected person: anal,
genital, oral, and other
Blood to blood: injecting drug use, transfusion of
blood or blood products
Perinatally from HIV-infected mother to infant
before, during or after birth
Infection Control for
Home & Work

Wash hands

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Before and after contact with patients and/or
equipment
After contamination and toileting before
eating and touching face
After removing gloves
Between “dirty” and “clean” procedures
Infection Control for the
Healthcare Worker

Always practice safety

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Use Standard Precautions routinely
Consider all patients potentially infected
Add other isolation precautions as needed
Plan ahead, anticipate potential problems, get
help
Follow procedures, don’t short-cut
Use safety devices that are available
Infection Control for the
Healthcare Worker

Safe practices

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Practice sharps safety: don’t recap; activate safety
devices and dispose of sharp items immediately after
use into designated container
Use engineering controls
Wear personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns,
goggles, or masks) to protect against splash of blood
or body fluids to face or clothing
Infection Control for Everyone

Be kind to your immune system

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Get enough rest
Eat balanced diet
Reduce or manage stress in your life
Keep immunizations up-to-date, including
getting Hepatitis B vaccine and annual
influenza vaccine
Post-Exposure Follow-up

If you have a blood or body fluid exposure:

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Wash/flush with water or saline
Report the exposure immediately to your supervisor;
complete an incident report
Go for immediate medical evaluation and follow-up
via Occupational Health (go to Emergency
Department if exposure occurs off-shift); Faculty on
affiliation may be expected to follow up with their
own primary care provider
Post-Exposure Follow-up

If you are exposed to a communicable
disease, such as chickenpox, TB, or
measles:
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Report the exposure to your supervisor and
complete an incident report
Review your immune status (have you had
this infection or been immunized for it?)
Go for medical evaluation
Do Not Come to the Facility
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If you have a fever
If you are getting sick with a cold, influenza, or
other communicable disease (example, measles,
chickenpox)
If you have Conjunctivitis (until on antibiotics
and eye drainage stops)
If you have Diarrhea and fever (until diarrhea
stops)
If you aren’t sure whether you should work, talk
with your supervisor or director
Summary
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You are in control of your own protection
Use hand washing consistently
Use personal protective equipment
Think!!