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Health and Wellness 7/23/2015 1 Before the 1900’s what was the leading cause of death? INFECTIOUS DISEASES Why? People lived their life until something went wrong and then they would go see a doctor to get it fixed. The problem with this was that it might not have be able to be fixed. At that time, there was not much focus on prevention. 7/23/2015 2 Infectious Diseases are diseases that are spread through pathogens. Pathogens are agents that invade the body and cause you to be sick. The 2 most common pathogens are Bacteria and Viruses. What is the difference between Bacteria and Viruses? 7/23/2015 3 Bacteria are single celled organisms that can be treated with medication. Antibiotics can slow or kill the growth of the bacteria if taken completely. Viruses are tiny pathogens that survive and replicate only inside living cells. They cannot be killed with antibiotics. Any medication taken treats the symptoms. 7/23/2015 4 Infectious Diseases are spread 4 ways: Person to person Food and water Environment Animals 7/23/2015 5 1. Infection Stages of 2. Incubation Diseases Pathogen Multiplies 3. Prodromal (Symptoms) 4. Illness When a pathogen enters the body, it goes through certain stages before your body gets rid of it. 7/23/2015 Relapse May Occur 5. Recovery/ Death 6 How does our body fight off infections? The first line of defense against pathogens is our SKIN 7/23/2015 7 What is inflammation and how does it help fight infection? • Inflammation is a response that shows that the body is attacking pathogens. • Inflammation is the 2nd line of defense against disease. • Inflammation is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling. 7/23/2015 8 If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what is the last line of defense against infections? The white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic system to fight the pathogens. 7/23/2015 9 Stages of the Immune System Recognition As the pathogen is going through its stages, the immune system is also going through stages to get rid of the pathogen. Mobilization Immunity Disposal 7/23/2015 10 So how can we prevent infectious diseases from spreading? 7/23/2015 11 Some infectious diseases can be prevented by • An immunization (vaccine) is a shot used to help prevent contracting a specific disease. • A small amount of the pathogen is put in the body so the immune system can develop antibodies. Then if you are exposed to that same pathogen, you can fight it off without getting the disease. 7/23/2015 12 Laws about Immunization… The Texas Department of Health has ruled that students must have up to date immunizations in order to attend school unless an exemption has been filed with the school. Reason for Exemptions: • • • • • Medical Unless it is written in the statement that a lifelong condition exists, the exemption statement is valid for only one year from the date signed by the physician. Religious Too soon after another immunization Immune due to having had the disease Vaccine shortage 7/23/2015 13 What are some other things you can do to help prevent yourself from getting sick? 7/23/2015 14 • • • • • Eat right Get enough sleep Exercise Do not smoke Get regular checkups • Practice good hygiene • Reduce stress • Drink plenty of water • Get vaccines • Avoid sick people 7/23/2015 15 So if Infectious Diseases used to be the leading cause of death in the 1900’s… …what do you think is the leading cause of death today? 7/23/2015 16 LIFESTYLE DISEASES Why? While we take more preventive measures against getting sick, we make poorer lifestyle choices that affect our health. 7/23/2015 17 Lifestyle Diseases got their name because they are greatly influenced by the choices we make like smoking, bad eating habits, lack of exercise, not getting enough sleep, etc… These are called CONTROLLABLE FACTORS because we have control over these choices. We can change them if we want. 7/23/2015 18 While our lifestyle choices have a great influence on us getting certain diseases, there are also some other factors that can contribute to disease. However, we do have not have any control over these factors. These are called UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS 7/23/2015 19 What are 4 things about yourself that you cannot change that can influence you getting certain diseases? 7/23/2015 20 Other factors affecting our health today… What do you think is the leading cause of death among teenagers? 7/23/2015 21 #1 Motor Vehicle Accidents MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 (out of all unintentional injuries 42%). In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the US aged 15–19 were killed and more than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor vehicle crashes. 7/23/2015 22 Did you know… Newly licensed teens, teens driving with passengers, and male teenagers have the highest risks for motor vehicle accidents. Males are 2 times more likely than females to be involved in a crash. In 2010, 22% of teen drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes were drinking. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use. Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than drivers aged 20 and older to be in a fatal crash. 7/23/2015 23 Factors that often lead to car crashes are SPEEDING, AGGRESSIVENESS, & IMPAIRED DRIVING. But the factor that contributes most often to automobile accidents is… Driver Behavior 7/23/2015 24 What do you think are some of the most common driver behaviors that lead to crashes? 7/23/2015 25 One of the biggest growing problems is 7/23/2015 26 40% of all American teens say they have been in the car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. • Text messaging creates a crash risk 23 times worse than driving while not distracted. Sending or receiving a text takes a driver’s eyes away from the road for an average of 4.6 seconds. While driving 55 MPH, that is like driving the length of an entire football field blind. • Drivers that use hand-held devices are 4 times more likely to get into a serious crash. 7/23/2015 27 What are some things you can do to help avoid being in an accident? • Don’t drive under the influence. • Avoid driving while tired. • Leave room between you and the car in front of you, especially if the weather is bad. • Drive the speed limit. • Wear your seat belt. • Be courteous to other drivers. • Be aware of road conditions. 7/23/2015 28 Organ Donation: when you get your driver’s license, you have an option to choose to be an organ donor. What are your thoughts about organ donation? 7/23/2015 29 Organ Donation ◦ One Donor Can: Save the lives of 8 people. Enhance the lives of more than 50 people. ◦ Fast Facts: More than 110,000 people are waiting for a transplant. More than 10,000 of those people are from Texas. Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the waiting list. 7/23/2015 30 Donating Organs: • Even if a teenager signs the back of his or her driver’s license to indicate organ donor status, the family still has to give permission in the event of a tragedy. • Anyone can go online and register to be an organ donor at www.donatelifetexas.org/register 7/23/2015 31 Myths and facts about organ donation: MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor, the doctors will not try to save my life. Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death has been legally declared. MYTH: I am not the right age for organ or tissue donation. TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation. 7/23/2015 32 Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top of the list when they need a donor organ. Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority when it comes to allocating organs. It may seem that way because of the amount of publicity generated when celebrities receive a transplant, but they are treated no differently from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity and financial status are not considered in organ allocation. 7/23/2015 33 The other leading causes of death among teenagers: # 2 Homicide ~MAKES UP 17% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #3 Suicide ~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #4 Cancer ~MAKES UP 6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #5 Heart Disease ~MAKES UP 3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 7/23/2015 34 CDC 2009 While unintentional injury is listed as the #1 cause of death with 4,807 deaths, of those deaths, 3,242 are from motor vehicle accidents, so we consider motor vehicle accidents as the #1 cause of death among 15 – 19 yr. olds. Cause of Death # of Deaths Percent Unintentional injury Motor Vehicle Traffic Poisoning Drowning Other Transportation Suffocation Fall Fire/Burn All Other 7/23/2015 4,807 42% 3,242 67.40% 715 14.90% 279 5.80% 203 4.20% 61 1.30% 58 1.20% 56 1.20% 193 4% 35 What are some other types of unintentional injury? 7/23/2015 36 An injury caused by electricity entering the body. This can destroy vital tissues 7/23/2015 37 A fatal injury caused by an inability to breathe when the nose and mouth are blocked or when the body becomes oxygendeficient 7/23/2015 38 The most common types of unintentional injuries in the workplace are Falls. Explosions. Toxic hazards. Electrocution. Fires. 7/23/2015 39 What is the government agency that was created to help prevent workrelated injuries, illness, and death? Occupational Safety Health Administration 7/23/2015 40 RULES OF GUN SAFETY • Assume every gun is loaded until you have checked the action of the gun yourself. • Open the action of the gun when you first pick it up. • Open the action of the gun before passing it to another person. 7/23/2015 41 OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETY • Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water. • Never drink or take drugs before or while shooting. • Always be sure the action and barrel are clear of obstructions. • Store hunting arms under lock and key and in a separate location from the ammunition. • Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle. 7/23/2015 42 Who helps to keep a community healthy? What role do health care professionals and/or agencies have in promoting a healthy community? Do you know what some of the health care agencies are in our community? 7/23/2015 43 Preventive Options PROVIDER WHO Community Adults Unity Care Clinic Children Homeless Walk-ins WHAT • • • • • • • Adult Primary Care Pediatric Care Women’s Health Behavioral Health Dental Health HIV ARCH-Healthcare for the Homeless • Hospital care • Pharmacy • Family Planning 7/23/2015 44 Preventive Options PROVIDER People’s Clinic WHO Adults Children (By appointment only) WHAT • • • • • • • Adult Medicine Reproductive Health Prenatal Care Pediatrics Breastfeeding Counseling Adolescent Health Social Work Services • Chronic Disease Management • Integrated Behavioral Health • Tandem Teen Prenatal & Parenting Program 7/23/2015 45 Preventive Options PROVIDER WHO WHAT Primary Care Physician Adults Children • Any basic medical care • Immunizations After Hours Clinics Adults Children • Any basic medical care • Immunizations Urgent Care Clinics Adults Children • Any basic medical care • Immunizations 7/23/2015 46 Treatment Options PROVIDER WHO WHAT Any place listed on previous slides as well as… Emergency Rooms Adults Children Uninsured • Any emergency health concern • Any injury Hospitals Adults Children Uninsured • Any emergency health concern • Any injury • Surgery 7/23/2015 47 If you were an expensive, one-of-akind car, what measures would you take to make sure you stayed in tip-top condition? What measures do you take to prevent anything going wrong with your body? 7/23/2015 48