Download Dermatological Conditions

Dermatological Conditions
Chapter 12
Pathology
Trauma to the Skin
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Blisters
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Burns
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What is difference in the severity of grades
Who is at risk, interaction of some medications
Calluses
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Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing
Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic
Proper foot care
What is the cause?
Chafing
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Brought on by sweating, improper clothing; thighs, axilla,
jogger’s nipples
Dermatitis/Eczema
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Dermatitis
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Eczema
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Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low
humidity
Skin inflammation
Usual symptoms
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Dry, flakey, itchy skin
Contact Dermatitis
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Brought on by an allergic reaction
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Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing
S/S - redness, blistering, itchy
Tx
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Topical/oral corticosteroids
Oral meds – antihistamines, diphenhydramine
Atopic Dermatitis
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Most common form of
eczema
Chronic disease
Genetic disorder of skin
sensitivity to many sources
S/S
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Papules, vesicles, scaly
lesions
Extreme itching can lead to
secondary infection
Tx
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Corticosteroids for itching
Antibiotics for infection
Aveno* soap, no dyes,
natural material for clothing
Chronic Eczema – Acute Stage
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Large papules (possibly
erupting)
Hypo/hyperpigmentation
Typical areas effected
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Children – Extensor
surfaces
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Adults – Flexural
surfaces
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front of knees/back of
elbows
Back of knees/front of
elbows
Exacerbations – allergies &
stress
Secondary Issues – staph
infection
Ways to Prevent & Tx of Dermatitis
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Simple Rules
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Treat the itch and avoid the irritant
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Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of sedation)
Treat infection with proper meds
Water/lanolin based lotion
Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics
Avoid “hot” showers
Wool clothing, control sweating
Infections
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Bacterial Infections
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Enter through a break in
the epidermis
Staph
Strep
Pseudomonas
Impetigo – staph
infection
Strep Infections
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Erysipelas -Invasion of
deeper tissue
Folliculitis – infected
hair follicule
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
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Form of folliculitis
contracted from
whirlpools, hot tubs
Red papules
Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle)
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Exhibit drainage & pus
Highly infectious
Difficult to distinguish
from strep unless
culture taken
Transmitted skin-to-skin
Tx topical or oral
antibiotics
Boils - treatment
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Invasion of deeper tissue
Carbuncle – multiple furuncles
Transmitted with towels/clothing
Tx
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Moist compress
Donut
Ickthamol ointment
Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze
Acne Mechanica
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Common adolescent
illness
Occurs when
sebaceous glands
become clogged
No cure, but can be
controlled with meds
topical or systemic
meds available
Fungal Infections
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Common in athletics: Symptoms:
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warm, dark, moist
environments
worsened with
restrictive
clothing/equipment
(chafing)
Classes=tinea & yeast
–small patches of red, scaly, inflamed
areas
–smooth (not elevated)
–severe itching
Tinea Infections (fungal)
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Spreads easily
Difficult to treat
because of re-infection
Symptoms improve with
change in environment
Often treatment >1
month
Tx 2wks after sy’s
resolve
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Symptoms:
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extreme itching
red, scaling, inflamed
lesions (fissures)
yellowish drainage
possible
Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot)
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Most frequent tinea
infection
May accompany yeast
infections
1%-3% of people are
carriers
Rare in prepubertal
children
Tinea Cruris
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Jock itch
often originates at feet
may affect men or
women
aggravated by tight
clothes
spreads easily
linens, towels, etc must
be changed daily
Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum
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Tinea of the body
“Ringworm”
Affects humans &
animals
Circular pruritic
patches--well defined
with raised borders
Common in wrestling
Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor
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Yeast infection
“sun spots”
Most apparent after sun
exposure (does not tan)
Common in trunk,
upper arms/legs, neck
not contagious
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Resembles freckles
May be asymptomatic
or mildly pruritic
Tx: selenium sulfide
shampoo or oral
antibiotics
Parasites - Scabies
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Extremely contagious
(mite)
Similar to eczema – but
no history of disease
Kwell soap/shampoo
Wash towels/sheets
daily
Head Lice
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Very common in
children
Contagious
Don’t confuse with
dandruff
Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex
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Cold sore, fever blister
Common around
lips/face
Many OTC meds
Contagious
Lives in nerves, never
goes away
Verruca vulgaris - Warts
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Found on Face, hands,
feet (plantar warts)
Many methods to
destroy
Often return