Download Lentivirus - The Evergreen State College

Equine Infectious Anemia
Andrea Jensen
&
Emily French
Discovery History
Horsey AIDS?… NOT
EIAV
FIV
HIV
Species
Infects
Horses Macrophages
Cats
T Cells
Humans T Cells
Primary Symptom
Anemia
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression
Lentiviruses
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Retrovirus Family
Single Strand (+) RNA virus
Contains 2 copies
Can infect non-dividing cells
Contains regulatory proteins
Latent or active viral states
Spread by blood and other
bodily fluids
Long lived virus leading to
reservoir for persistent
infection
Virus type present in many
vertebrate species
The next 30 minutes of your life…
 Transmission
 Pathology
 Testing and Control
 Vaccine research, EIAV/FIV
 What does it mean to Me?
Transmission
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Vicki 15 min of fame
Viral Life Cycle
Primary Pathology
 Mature RBC’s destroyed by immune system
 Maturation of RBC precursor cells prevented
Other EIAV Symptoms
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Depression
Fever
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Weakness
Weight Loss
Anorexia
Edema
Nasal Discharge
DEATH
How EIAV Stacks Up
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HIV “generally”
fatal
FIV is “Kitty AIDS”
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EIAV has 30%
mortality
So now you know…..
What EIAV is and what it means for the horse.
But what are we doing about it?
 Mandatory Testing
 Federally Mandated Control Measures
 Vaccine Research
Current Testing
• Agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID or Coggin’s)
• Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (cELISA)
AGID /
Coggin’s
cELISA
Control Measures
 Life-long quarantine
 Slaughter
 Research
 Euthanasia
What this means is…
70% of horses that contract EIAV would
effectively manage the infection….
But…..
100% of horses who have a positive Coggin’s Test
will die as a result of the test.
Vaccines
No.
Yes.
Well, Maybe…
Why do we even care?
 Vaccine Research
 Therapeutic Vectors
 Immune System
The End