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McFatter Technical Center
Emergency Medical Technician - Basic
Health Science Core
Chapter 15
Transporting and Transmitting: The Circulatory,
Lymphatic, and Nervous Systems
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
The Body’s Transportation System
Consist of Three System:
Circulatory System – transporting
substances through the body
Lymphatic System – transporting
substances through the body
Nervous System – complex and
intricate composition transmission of
the brain to the body
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels
• Arteries – a blood
vessel that carries
highly oxygenated
blood away from the
heart to the tissue.
Contain three muscle
layers
• Veins – a blood vessel
that carries lowoxygenated blood to the
heart. Contain one-way
valves
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels
• Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in the circulatory system
that link arteries and veins. Thin walls allow oxygen and
nutrients to pass.
• Arterioles – blood vessel that joins arteries to capillaries
• Venules – blood vessel that joins capillaries to veins
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels
• Alveoli – microscopic air
sacs within the lungs
responsible for the
exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
• Gas exchange – process of
exchanging oxygen for
carbon dioxide in the blood
during breathing in the
alveoli of the lungs
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Blood and Blood Cells
• Blood is 78% water and 22% various solids
• Plasma is the fluid portion of blood
• Erythrocytes – red blood cells, live only 120
days, are continually reproduced by red bone
marrow, and have hemoglobin attached that
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Platelet – coagulate or clot blood
• Leukocytes – white blood cells that destroy
various pathogens
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Heart
• Atrium – upper chambers
of the heart which is the
receiving chamber
• Ventricle – lower
chambers of the heart
which pump blood out of
the heart
• Pericardial sac – thin
layer of tissue that
surrounds the entire heart
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Heart Path of Circulation
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Circulatory System
• Anemia – reduction in erythrocytes or the
amount of hemoglobin in the blood
• Aneurysm – weak section of a wall of a blood
vessel which results in an expansion of the
vessel like a balloon
• Angina – cardiac pain caused by a low blood
oxygen level in the coronary arteries that
supplies the heart muscle
• Embolus – circulating clot
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Circulatory System
• Hypertension – high blood
pressure
• Hypotension – low blood
pressure that impairs functions
• Myocardial Infarction – condition
caused by the blockage of one
or more coronary arteries which
prevents oxygenated blood from
nourishing the myocardium
• Thrumbus – blood clot
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Lymphatic System
• Lymph – colorless fluid that
is informed in tissue space
throughout the body and
carried in the lymphatic
vessels
• Lymphocytes – leukocyte
that is produced in the
lymph nodes
• Lymphatic tissue – tonsils,
spleen, and thymus
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Lymphatic System
• Adenitis –
inflammation of the
lymph nodes
• Hodgkin’s disease –
cancer that begins in
the lymphoid tissue
• Tonsillitis –
inflammation of the
tonsils
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Nervous System
Main components:
•
•
•
•
•
Brain
Cranial nerves
Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Nervous System
• Sensory neurons – afferent
neurons; nerve cells that
transmit impulses from the
sensory organs and the
skin to the brain and spinal
cord
• Motor neurons – efferent
neurons; nerve cells that
carry impulses from the
brain or spinal cord to the
muscle or gland tissue
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Central Nervous System
• The body system composed of
the brain and spinal cord
• Cerebrospinal fluid – clear,
watery fluid that flows through
the brain and spinal column,
protecting it.
• Meninges – three protective
membranes covering the brain
and spinal cord
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Brain Sections
• Cerebrum – controls willful
actions
• Cerebellum – muscle
coordination and tone
• Midbrain – conducting
impulses through the brain
• Pons – bridge between two or
more sections of the brain
• Medulla oblongata – controls
involuntary actions
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Spinal Cord
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Peripheral Nervous System
• Sympathetic nervous
system – controls many
involuntary activities of
the glands, organs, and
other parts of the body.
Fight or flight
• Parasympathetic nervous
system – acts in specific
ways to complement the
activities of the
sympathetic nervous
system
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Nervous System Conditions
• Cerebral palsy – congenital condition that results
in a lack of muscle function and coordination
due to brain damage
• Concussion – injury or loss of function resulting
from a blow to the head
• Epilepsy – electrical impulses that fire
throughout the cerebrum which results in
seizures
• Meningitis – inflammation of the membrane
covering the brain and spinal cord.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
References
•
•
Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9th ed.
Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett,
2005.
Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction
to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2nd ed. Clifton
Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning,
1996.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008