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Chapter 33 Terms 1. Angina pectoris • Pain that indicates a heart attack • Caused by a blockage in the coronary artery Antibody • Y shaped proteins • Created by the immune system • Clump foreign substances together in the blood Antigen • A foreign substance in the body that triggers an immune response. Aorta • The largest artery in the body • Exits the heart Arteriole • Smallest branching of an artery • Lead directly to capillaries Artery • Blood vessel that moves blood AWAY from the heart • Very thick walls Atrioventricular valve • Valves found between the ATRIA and VENTRICLES • Prevents backflow of blood Atrium • “TOP” chambers of the heart • Move blood into ventricles • “Measure” blood for the ventricles to pump blood • Connective tissue • Medium that carries requirements to cells • Medium that carries wastes away from cells blood pressure • Pressure exerting on the INSIDE of blood vessels • Created by the force of the pumping heart capillary • Smallest blood vessels in body • Materials can enter and exit the blood through capillaries cardiac cycle • One complete cycle of the heart beat circulatory (cardiovascular system) • System of transport in organisms • Moves materials to and from tissues closed circulatory system • Circulatory system where blood does NOT leave the conducting vessels diastole • Relaxation period of the heart cycle ECG • ElectroCardioGram • Graph of the electrical activity of the heart during the cardiac cycle Heart attack • Situation where blood flow is blocked from the heart tissues • Muscle cells cannot contract Hemoglobin • Molecule that gives blood its red color • Carries oxygen in the blood lymph • Tissue fluid that is actively being transported back to the bloodstream via lymph vessels Open circulatory system • Circulatory system where blood exits the vessels and bathes tissues directly (more primative) plasma • Liquid part of the blood (55%) • Mostly made up of water Portal system • A pathway of blood that begins and ends in capillary flow • i.e blood flows from the intestine to the liver and then back to the main bloodstream Pulmonary circuit • Circuit of blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart Pulse • “Bubble” of blood that passes through arteries after the heart beats Red blood cell • Type of cell that contains the hemoglobin • Carries oxygen Semilunar valve (aortic valve and pulmonary valve) • Valves that prevent backflow of blood Septum Stroke Systemic circuit • Circulation of blood from the heart to the body tissues and then back to the heart again. Systole • Period of contraction during a heartbeat Tissue fluid • Fluids surrounding cells • Contain materials that must be diffused into the cells • Contain waste materials (from cells) that must be removed Vein Vena cava Ventricle Venule • Smallest branching of a vein. • Blood enters these from the capillaries White blood cell