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Exponents and Order of Operations Exponents • Exponent: how many times to multiply the base by itself 14⁴ 14 is the base 4 is the exponent (14)(14)(14)(14) = 14⁴ 2⁵ = (2)(2)(2)(2)(2) = 32 (⅜)² = (⅜)(⅜) = 9/64 4⁴ = _________ 5² = ______ (¾)² = ________ (10)³ = __________ (4)(4)(4)(4) = 256 (5)(5) = 25 (¾) (¾) = 9/16 (10)(10)(10) = 1000 Solve the following problem below: 16 – 7 + 108 ÷ 6(3)² Think about things in your life that you must use a particular order. Order of Operations • To solve problems with numerous operations we must use an order. – – – – – – Parentheses Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Multiplication/Division and Addition/Subtraction have an exception! - You must perform the operations from left to right Example: (5+3) ÷ 2 + (5² - 3) (5+3) ÷ 2 + (25 -3) 8 ÷ 2 + 22 4 + 22 26 Example: 18 – 7 + 9 – 10 + 4 11 + 9 – 10 + 4 20 – 10 + 4 10 + 4 14 8² - 4 72 64 – 4 72 60 72 5 6 12 + 3[18-5(16-13)] 12 + 3[18-5(3)] 12 + 3[18 – 15] 12 + 3[3] 12 + 9 21 3 + | 7-4 | + 3² 8-5 8 ÷ (9-7) + (14 ÷2)² 8 ÷ 2 + 7² 8 ÷ 2 + 49 4 + 49 53 3 + | 3 | + 3² 8-5 3 + 3 + 3² 8–5 3+3+9 8-5 15 3 5 Evaluating Expressions and Equations Algebraic Expression a collection of numbers, variables, operation symbols, and grouping symbols Example: 4 6x⁹(8yt) 5x + 9 Expressions do not have equal signs Equation a mathematical statement that two expressions have equal value Example: 5 + p = 10 21 – 4 = 17 I = PRT Equations have equal signs Evaluating Algebraic Expressions • Substitute the given values for the variables assigned to it Example: x = 4, y = 9, z = 10 5x + y - z 5(4) + 9 – 10 20 + 9 – 10 = 29 – 10 = 19 Evaluate the expression when x = 1 and y = 4 1). 2y – x 2). X + 5 Y Y 3). y² - x² 1). 7 2). 3/2 3). 15 Solution of an Equation • Substitute the given value for the variable • Check to see if both expressions are equal • If they are then the given value is a solution Determine if the given number is a solution when x = 3 Example: Is x = 4 a solution for 12x – 6 = 18 12(4) – 6 = 18 48 – 6 = 18 42 – 18 No x =4 is not a solution (3)² - 8 = 4 -3 9 – 8 = 4 -3 1=1 yes 1). X² - 8 = 4 – x Group Work • In your small groups, think of how many words mean these mathematical terms – Addition – Subtraction – Multiplication – Division – Equality Translating Expressions and Equations • On p. 28 there are a list of words • Example: The product of a number a five (x)5 = 5x Always let a variable represent an unknown number. 1. 2. 3. a number added to seven Twice a number, plus one Twice a number, decreased by 1 is 99. Answers: 1). B + 7 2). 2h + 1 3). 2x – 1 = 00 Pay Close Attention How do you translate 5 subtracted from 6 ? How do you translate “ten less than a number”? 6 -5 X – 10 Whenever you see “subtracted from”, the second number comes first. “Number less 10” X – 10