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2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Preview Warm Up California Standards Lesson Presentation 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Warm Up Simplify. 1. 4x – 10x 2. –7(x – 3) –6x –7x + 21 3. 2x + 3 4. 15 – (x – 2) 17 – x Solve. 5. 3x + 2 = 8 2 6. 28 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides California Standards 4.0 Students simplify expressions before solving linear equations and inequalities in one variable, such as 3(2x – 5) + 4(x – 2) = 12. 5.0 Students solve multistep problems, including word problems, involving linear equations and linear inequalities in one variable and provide justification for each step. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Vocabulary identity 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides To solve an equation with variables on both sides, use inverse operations to "collect" variable terms on one side of the equation. Helpful Hint Equations are often easier to solve when the variable has a positive coefficient. Keep this in mind when deciding on which side to "collect" variable terms. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 1: Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Solve 7n – 2 = 5n + 6. 7n – 2 = 5n + 6 –5n –5n 2n – 2 = +2 2n = 6 +2 8 To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 5n from both sides. Since 2 is subtracted from 2n, add 2 to both sides. Since n is multiplied by 2, divide both sides by 2 to undo the multiplication. n=4 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 1a Solve the equation. Check your answer. 4b + 2 = 3b 4b + 2 = 3b –3b –3b b+2= 0 –2 –2 b = –2 To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 3b from both sides. Since 2 is added to b, subtract 2 from both sides. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 1a Continued Solve the equation. Check your answer. Check 4b + 2 = 3b 4(–2) + 2 –8 + 2 –6 3(–2) –6 –6 To check your answer, substitute –2 for b. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 1b Solve the equation. Check your answer. 0.5 + 0.3y = 0.7y – 0.3 0.5 + 0.3y = 0.7y – 0.3 –0.3y –0.3y 0.5 = 0.4y – 0.3 +0.3 + 0.3 0.8 = 0.4y 2=y To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 0.3y from both sides. Since 0.3 is subtracted from 0.4y, add 0.3 to both sides to undo the subtraction. Since y is multiplied by 0.4, divide both sides by 0.4 to undo the multiplication. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 1b Continued Solve the equation. Check your answer. Check 0.5 + 0.3y = 0.7y – 0.3 0.5 + 0.3(2) 0.7(2) – 0.3 0.5 + 0.6 1.4 – 0.3 1.1 1.1 To check your answer, substitute 2 for y. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides To solve more complicated equations, you may need to first simplify by using the Distributive Property or combining like terms. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 2: Simplifying Each Side Before Solving Equations Solve the equation. 4 – 6a + 4a = –1 – 5(7 – 2a) 4 – 6a + 4a = –1 –5(7 – 2a) Distribute –5 to the expression in 4 – 6a + 4a = –1 –5(7) –5(–2a) parentheses. 4 – 6a + 4a = –1 – 35 + 10a Combine like terms. 4 – 2a = –36 + 10a Since –36 is added to +36 +36 10a, add 36 to both 40 – 2a = 10a sides. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 2 Continued Solve 4 – 6a + 4a = –1 – 5(7 – 2a). 40 – 2a = 10a + 2a +2a 40 = 12a To collect the variable terms on one side, add 2a to both sides. Since a is multiplied by 12, divide both sides by 12. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 2a Solve the equation. Check your answer. 1 Distribute to the expression in 2 parentheses. 3=b–1 +1 +1 4=b To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 1 b from 2 both sides. Since 1 is subtracted from b, add 1 to both sides. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 2a Continued Solve the equation. Check your answer. Check To check your answer, substitute 4 for b. 5 5 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 2b Solve the equation. Check your answer. 3x + 15 – 9 = 2(x + 2) 3x + 15 – 9 = 2(x + 2) 3x + 15 – 9 = 2(x) + 2(2) 3x + 15 – 9 = 2x + 4 3x + 6 = 2x + 4 –2x –2x x+6= 4 –6 –6 x = –2 Distribute 2 to the expression in parentheses. Combine like terms. To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 2x from both sides. Since 6 is added to x, subtract 6 from both sides. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 2b Continued Solve the equation. Check your answer. Check 3x + 15 – 9 = 2(x + 2) 3(–2) + 15 – 9 –6 + 15 – 9 0 2(–2 + 2) To check your answer, substitute –2 for x. 2(0) 0 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides An identity is an equation that is always true, no matter what value is substituted for the variable. The solution set of an identity is all real numbers. Some equations are always false. Their solution sets are empty. In other words, their solution sets contain no elements. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 3A: Infinitely Many Solutions or No Solutions Solve the equation. 10 – 5x + 1 = 7x + 11 – 12x 10 – 5x + 1 = 7x + 11 – 12x 11 – 5x = 11 – 5x Identify like terms. Combine like terms on the left and the right. The statement 11 – 5x = 11 – 5x is true for all values of x. The equation 10 – 5x + 1 = 7x + 11 – 12x is an identity. All values of x will make the equation true. In other words, all real numbers are solutions. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 3B: Infinitely Many Solutions or No Solutions Solve the equation. 12x – 3 + x = 5x – 4 + 8x 12x – 3 + x = 5x – 4 + 8x Identify like terms. Combine like terms on the left 13x – 3 = 13x – 4 and the right. –13x –13x Subtract 13x from both sides. –3 = –4 False statement; the solution set is . The equation 12x – 3 + x = 5x – 4 + 8x is always false. There is no value of x that will make the equation true. There are no solutions. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Writing Math The empty set can be written as or {}. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 3a Solve the equation. 4y + 7 – y = 10 + 3y 4y + 7 – y = 10 + 3y Identify like terms. 3y + 7 = 3y + 10 –3y –3y 7 = 10 Subtract 3y from both sides. False statement; the solution set is . The equation 4y + 7 – y = 10 + 3y is always false. There is no value of y that will make the equation true. There are no solutions. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 3b Solve the equation. 2c + 7 + c = –14 + 3c + 21 2c + 7 + c = –14 + 3c + 21 3c + 7 = 3c + 7 Identify like terms. Combine like terms on the left and the right. The statement 3c + 7 = 3c + 7 is true for all values of c. The equation 2c + 7 + c = –14 + 3c + 21 is an identity. All values of c will make the equation true. In other words, all real numbers are solutions. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 4: Application Jon and Sara are planting tulip bulbs. Jon has planted 60 bulbs and is planting at a rate of 44 bulbs per hour. Sara has planted 96 bulbs and is planting at a rate of 32 bulbs per hour. In how many hours will Jon and Sara have planted the same number of bulbs? How many bulbs will that be? Person Bulbs Jon 60 bulbs plus 44 bulbs per hour Sara 96 bulbs plus 32 bulbs per hour 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 4 Continued Let h represent hours, and write expressions for the number of bulbs planted. When is 60 60 plus bulbs + 44h 44 bulbs each hour = the same as 96 96 bulbs + plus 32 bulbs ? each hour 32h 60 + 44h = 96 + 32h To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 32h –32h –32h from both sides. 60 + 12h = 96 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 4 Continued 60 + 12h = 96 –60 – 60 12h = 36 h=3 Since 60 is added to 12h, subtract 60 from both sides. Since h is multiplied by 12, divide both sides by 12 to undo the multiplication. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Additional Example 4 Continued After 3 hours, Jon and Sara will have planted the same number of bulbs. To find how many bulbs they will have planted in 3 hours, evaluate either expression for h = 3: 60 + 44h = 60 + 44(3) = 60 + 132 = 192 96 + 32h = 96 + 32(3) = 96 + 96 = 192 After 3 hours, Jon and Sara will each have planted 192 bulbs. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 4 Four times Greg's age, decreased by 3 is equal to 3 times Greg's age, increased by 7. How old is Greg? Let g represent Greg's age, and write expressions for his age. Four times Greg's age 4g decreased by 3 – 3 is equal to = three times Greg's age 3g increased by + 7 7 . 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Check It Out! Example 4 Continued 4g – 3 = 3g + 7 –3g –3g g–3= +3 g= 7 +3 10 Greg is 10 years old. To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 3g from both sides. Since 3 is subtracted from g, add 3 to both sides. 2-4 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Lesson Quiz Solve each equation. 1. 7x + 2 = 5x + 8 3 2. 4(2x – 5) = 5x + 4 8 3. 6 – 7(a + 1) = –3(2 – a) 4. 4(3x + 1) – 7x = 6 + 5x – 2 all real numbers 5. 1 20 hours 6. A painting company charges $250 base plus $16 per hour. Another painting company charges $210 base plus $18 per hour. How long is a job for which the two companies costs are the same?