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Transcript
Lecture 11 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current Ch. 31 • Topics – – – – – – – • Transformers LC Circuit Qualitatively Electrical and Magnetic energy oscillations Alternating current Pure R and L circuits Series RLC circuit Power and Transformers Demos • Elmo • Polling Quiz 2 • • • • Resistivity and currents Apply Kirchhoff Laws to circuits B fields from simple current geometries Faraday’s and Lenz’s Law. Electric fields from changing B fields • Find acceleration and velocity of partikcles in E and B fields • RL circuits What is a Generator? Coil of wire m B nˆdA B dA B cosdA n̂ B d d(BA cos ) d cos d BA BA sin dt dt dt dt d BA sin but t so dt BA sin t m sin t 2pf and f= 60 Hz Where is the rotational angular frequency of the generator QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Driven RLC Series Circuit QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Series RLC • Show Generator voltage vs time on scope. •Vary frequency • Show voltage across resistor compared to signal voltage •How is signal voltage related to voltage across resistor •Vary frequency - ELI the ICE man • Show voltage across inductor compared to resistor. •Voltage across resistor is in phase with current through resistor • Does voltage across inductor lead or lag the current • Show voltage across capacitor compared to resistor. •Voltage across resistor is in phase with current through resistor • Does voltage across the capacitor lead or lag the current • Show phase angle is related to impedance in circuit and is frequency dependent • Show resonance by varying frequency. • Need table of numbers for some frequency and at resonance. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Series LCR circuit f Hz 6.28fL 4.2mH 1/6.28fC R Z I=V/Z 1uF Ohms Ohms Amps Deg 100 2.7 1600 10 40 0.25 1000 27 160 10 133 2445 65.3 65.3 10 16 10 10000 270 1 L C ) tan 1 ( R VR Volts VL VC -89.6 .05 .05 10 0.075 -85.7 .25 1 10 10 1 0 9.0 20 -20 270 0.037 87.7 0.2 10 0.6 2.7 1600 tan ( ) 89.6 10 1 QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Peak value Effective Power 2 rms P=I R I Irms = 2 rms=root-mean-square QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. High Pass Filter QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Low Pass Filter QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Chapter 13 Problem 17 In an oscillating LC circuit, L = 28.0 mH and C = 7.50 µF. At time t = 0 the current is 9.50 mA, the charge on the capacitor is 3.20 µC, and the capacitor is charging. (a) What is the total energy in the circuit? (b) What is the maximum charge on the capacitor? (c) What is the maximum current? (d) If the charge on the capacitor is given by q = Q cos(ωt + ϕ), what is the phase angle ϕ? (e) Suppose the data are the same, except that the capacitor is discharging at t = 0. What then is ϕ? Chapter 31 Problem 21 In an oscillating LC circuit with C = 62.0 µF, the current as a function of time is given by I = (1.10) sin(2500t + 0.670), where t is in seconds, I in amperes, and the phase angle in radians. (a) How soon after t = 0 will the current reach its maximum value? (b) What is the inductance L? (c) What is the total energy?