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Green Chemistry Workshop #1:
Electrochemistry I
US – Thai Distance Learning Program
January 13, 2010
Professor Kenneth M. Doxsee
University of Oregon
อบรมบ่มนิสยั
The Distance Learning Foundation is committed to
His Majesty the King’s educational policy of “Ob
Rom Bom Nisai” or moral teaching and training,
seeking to teach and train every child to be:
• Good
• Honorable
• Economically sufficient
The Principles of Green Chemistry
1. Prevention
2. Atom Economy
3. Less Hazardous
Synthesis
4. Designing Safer
Chemicals
5. Safer Solvents and
Auxiliaries
6. Design for Energy
Efficiency
7. Renewable Feedstocks
8. Reduce Derivatives
9. Catalysis
10. Design for
Degradation
11. Real-time Analysis
12. Inherently Safer
Chemistry
The 11 ¥ (4 baht) Battery
Premise
• Construct a simple battery from common household
materials.
• Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate
by illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED).
Chemical Concepts
• Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of
metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry;
electrochemistry; thermodynamics.
Construction of a Single “Cell” from Copper and
Aluminum
Anode (Al)
Cathode (Cu)
(http://www.micrecol.de/microscalingOginoE.html)
http://www.jupiterimages.com/Image/
royaltyFree/87767169
http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/
kyoto_byodoin_temple.htm
Monitoring Voltage with a Light-Emitting Diode
(LED)
A typical LED circuit:
http://www.robotroom.com/Pumpkin/LED1.gif
Notes About Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)
• Applying too much current can damage or destroy an
LED.
• LED circuits usually contain a resistor to avoid
damage.
• Too much current will not be a problem with our coin
battery!
• An LED will illuminate only when voltage is applied
in the right direction.
• An LED will illuminate only when sufficient voltage
is applied – usually 2 volts (4 volts for white or blue).
A Voltaic Pile
Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000.
HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
Laboratory Safety
Accident: An unexpected and undesirable event,
especially one resulting in damage or harm.
Break for ….
LABORATORY SESSION
Green Relevance of the Coin Battery
Green Concepts
• Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other
materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory.
• Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to
generate electricity.
• Consider Green Principles
– #1 (prevent waste)
– #3 (use less hazardous substances)
– #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).
The Aluminum – Air Battery
Premise
• Construct a simple battery from common household
materials.
• Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate
by illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED).
Chemical Concepts
• Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of
metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry;
electrochemistry; thermodynamics.
Construction of a Single “Cell”
Aluminum foil
Charcoal
Paper towel
(wet, with NaCl)
http://simpledailyrecipes.com/wp-content/uploads/grilledtortillas-01.jpg
Electrochemical Reactions
Anode:Al(s) + 3 OH-(aq)
→
Cathode:O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e-
4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) + 6 H2O →
Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e-
→
4 OH-(aq)
4 Al(OH)3(s)
A Voltaic Pile
Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000.
HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
Break for ….
LABORATORY SESSION
Green Relevance of the Aluminum-Air Battery
Green Concepts
• Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other
materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory.
• Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to
generate electricity.
• Consider Green Principles
– #1 (prevent waste)
– #3 (use less hazardous substances)
– #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).
Questions and Discussion
Preparation for the Next Workshop
• Oxygen content of air
0.4 mL of 0.2 M FeSO4
1.0 mL of 2 M NaOH
(1 cm piece of flexible transparent tubing)
Syringe image: http://www.nordiccell.com/embryo-transfer/images/HSW/HSW-1-ml.jpg
Preparation for the Next Workshop
• CaCO3 content of egg shells
10 mL of 3 M HCl
(1-2 drops of silicone oil)
0.2 g crushed egg shell
Eggshell image: http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/859/1289egg_shell.jpg
Scale image: http://www.popgadget.net/images/kitchen-scale-open.jpg
Mortar and pestle image: http://www.ancientlight.info/products/images_stones/LMORL.jpg
Tight-fitting cap
Syringe image: http://www.hobbysilicone.com/60ml.jpg
Syringe schematic image: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/images/553.jpg
Plastic caps image: http://www.sks-science.com/images/240804LRG.jpg
Beaker image: http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Labs/Quant/images/150mlBeakers.gif
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