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Personal Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of one or more nouns.
The most frequently used pronouns
are called personal pronouns. They
refer to people or things.
Subject Pronouns
A subject pronoun is used as the
subject of a sentence.
She is my best friend.
It is my dog.
Does he know the answer?
You and I will meet Hamid later.
Object Pronouns
An object pronoun is used as the
direct/indirect object or the object
of a preposition.
Give the book to me.
The teacher gave her a reprimand.
I will tell you a story.
Ahmed read it to them.
List of Personal Pronouns
Singular
Plural
Subject Pronouns
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
Object Pronouns
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
PRACTICE 1
• http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/answers.php?quiz
_id=73
• http://steckvaughn.hmhco.com/HA/correlations/pdf/l/L
Ee3_subjectobject.pdf
• http://www.k12reader.com/pronouns/Pronoun5_Pick_th
e_Pronoun.pdf
• http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zy11mzs.htm
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
Read the following sentences. Can you
tell to whom the word She refers?
Marwa studies with Aisha. She is
smarter than her.
The sentence is not clear because the word
She could refer to either Marwa or
Aisha. Sometimes you must repeat a
noun or rewrite the sentence.
Marwa studies with Aisha. Marwa is
smarter than her.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
When using pronouns, you must also
make sure that they agree with
their antecedents in number
(singular or plural) and gender.
The gender of a noun may be
masculine (male), feminine
(female), or neuter (referring to
things). Notice how the pronouns
on the next slide agree with their
antecedents.
Continue
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
1. The story is interesting. I enjoyed
it.
2. The students saw Fatima last
weekend. They saw her at the mall.
In the first sentence, story is the
antecedent of the pronoun it.
In the second sentence, students is the
antecedent of They, and Fatima is
the antecedent of her.
Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that
does not refer to a particular person,
place, or thing.
Does anyone know the story of Ali Baba?
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular
or plural.
Continue
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular
another
anybody
anyone
anything
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
much
neither
nobody
Plural
no one
nothing
one
somebody
someone
something
both
few
many
others
several
All, any, most, none and some can be
singular or plural, depending on the phrase
that follows them.
Continue
Some Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in number.
Everyone discusses the story. (singular)
Both talk about Shaikh Nahayan. (plural)
All of UAEU is in Al Ain. (singular)
All of the students are happy with their results. (plural)
Continue
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns
as their antecedents. In such cases, the pronouns
must agree in number. Note that in the first
example the intervening prepositional phrase does
not affect the agreement.
Each of the students has his or her idea.
Several students have not seen their teacher.
Continue
PRACTICE 2
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame
.asp?id=1761
• http://www.quia.com/quiz/281066.html
• http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/indefpronoun.php
• http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.anythin.i.htm
Relative Pronouns
•
•
•
•
•
WHO
WHICH
THAT
They introduce relative clauses.
A relative clause tells us which person or thing
the speaker means/ refers to.
Who / that: refer to people
• Those people live next door. They have 16 children.
• The people who /that live next door have 16
children.
Which / that: refer to things
• A turtle is an animal. It lives in the sea.
• A turtle is an animal which / that lives in the sea.
Relative pronouns explain a noun in a
sentence.
People are fined. (Which people?)
People who /that speed are fined.
(Which people? Those who speed)
. The film was boring (Which film?)
The film (which/ that) I watched yesterday was
boring.
(Which film? The one I watched yesterday)
PRACTICE 3
• http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/relativeclauses-1
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame
.asp?id=6122
• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relativeclauses-exercise-1.html
• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relativeclauses-exercise-2.html