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Grammar Exercise 6
1. Participial
2. Gerund
3. Infinitive
4. Appositive
5. Prepositions
Participial
V. + ing
or
V→ Past tense = Adjective
Example for Participial
1.The car sliding out of control will hit the window
Sliding modifies the Car
2. Alex fell down the broken staircase
Broken describes staircase
Gerund
V.+ing = Noun
Example for Gerund
Sharon loves baking
Bake = a verb
Baking = an activity Sharon loves to do
Infinitives
To + Verb = Infinitives
1. An infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s,
es, ed, or ing to the end.
2. You can use it as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs
Example of Infinitives
To mess around with Sharon is
Tiffany's hobby
Mess around= Verb
To mess around = Tiffany's hobby
Exceptions for Infinitives
Special verb + direct object + infinitive – to
Special verb: feel, hear. help, let, make,
see, and watch
Example of Special Case
When Mai heard the alarm clock buzz, she
slapped the snooze button and continued her
dream
Heard: Special Verb
Alarm Clock: Direct Object
Buzz: To buzz – to (infinitive - to)
To split or not
Case1:Sara hopes to quickly finish her chemistry
homework.(Formal)
Case2: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry
homework quickly. (Informal)
Appostive
1. Elaboration
2. A noun or noun phrase that renames another
noun right beside it
Example of Appositive
1. Ms. Lam, a teacher, is coming
2. Ms. Lam, a teacher from UK, is coming
3. Ms. Lam, a teacher with short hair from UK, is
coming
Punctuate the appositive correctly
Nonessential appositive is always separated
from rest of the sentence with comma(s)
1. appositives begins the sentence
2. appositives interrupts the sentence
3. appositives ends the sentence
Prepositions
Prepositions are words that indicate locations or
location in time
Examples of preposition
1. Indicate location: Sharon is lying in her bed.
2. Indicating location in time: At midnight, Mai
sneaked to kitchen and drank a cup of tea.
Prepositional Phrase
Formula: Preposition + optional modifiers +
nouns, pronoun, gerund
Example: Under the stove, Sharon hid a jar of
cookies
Under= preposition
The= modifier
Stove= noun
Subordinate Conjunctions
Subordinate Conjunction: Subject + Verb
Special Preposition: after, as, before, since, until
Example: Before Tiffany goes to sleep, she pets
her stuffed animals.
Before: Preposition
Tiffany: Subject
Goes: Verb
To sleep: Infinitive