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PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUN
is a word which is used to represent :
Persons
 Places
 Things
Something that substantively exist and something which
substantively doesn’t exist but it is conceptually understood and
has a particular quality
 Quality
The quality of things such as height, beauty, brightness, density,
prosperity, strength, courage, etc
 Action
 Idea
 Occurrences

NOUN
can function as:


The subject of a sentence
The object of a preposition
 Appositive
Is a noun which is used to explain another noun
EXAMPLES
I captured a student copying the answers from
his friend’s work
I
A student
person, subject
person, object
EXAMPLES:
London is one of the famous tourist destination
in the world
London : place, subject
Destination : things, object
The world : place, object
EXAMPLES
We need a comfortable classroom to study
We : person, subject
Classroom : things, object
EXAMPLES
Indonesia has an increased incidents of obesity
in children
Indonesia : place, subject
Incidents : things, object
Obesity: quality, object
Children: person, object
Examples:
The halal committee doesn’t legalise the use of
food additives grown in non halal media
There is a correlation between humidity and
toxicity of nut
The importance of this training is obvious
B. VERB
a word or a group of words which is used:





To express an action
To express the existence of a particular noun
(is, am, are)
To make a statement (will, shall, can)
To link noun to noun
To link noun to adjective
Examples for action verbs:




The scientists explore the use of ginger for
medicine
I made this presentation last week
She cooks dinner very well
The students listen to my lecture
Examples for linking verb






She is a humble young lady
My daughter became a famous author
The yoghurt drinks taste delicious
The cake looks horrible
After a heating period for one hour, the
temperature remains constant.
The cake will expire soon
C. PRONOUN
is a word that substitutes a noun or a noun phrase



Personal pronoun which can act as subject
or object
Subject is a word which does an action and
usually comes before the verb
Object is a word that receives an action and
usually comes after the verb
Possessive adjective pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Pronoun
Subject
Object
Possessive adjective
Possessive
I
ME
MY
MINE
WE
US
OUR
OURS
YOU
YOU
YOUR
YOURS
SHE
HER
HER
HERS
HE
HIM
HIS
HIS
IT
IT
ITS
ITS
THEY
THEM
THEIR
THEIRS
Examples


Fatimah is a mother of two sons. Fatimah’s sons are
5 and 3 years. Fatimah and fatimah’s sons live in the
village.
Fatimah is a mother of two sons. Her sons are 5 and
3 years. They live in the village.
Hasan searches the literature about ginger for
Hasan’s thesis. Hasan searches the literature in the
library.
Hasan searches the literatures about ginger for his
thesis. He searches them in the library.
Pronoun




interrogative pronouns (who, which, what) used
for asking questions
To be learnt on the separate lesson
relative pronouns (who, which, what, that) used
in complex sentences
To be learnt on the separate lesson
demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
indefinite pronouns (some, all, both, each, etc.)
Demonstrative pronouns




This: singular and near the speaker
That: singular and at a distance from the
speaker
These: plural and near the speaker
Those: plural and at a distance from the
speaker
Examples




I let you take this book but not those.
We gave these materials last semester.
Those flowers are not for sale.
I have only one like that at home.
Indefinite pronouns



Indefinite pronouns refer to an unknown or
undetermined person, place or thing.
Care must be taken to identify whether the pronoun
is singular or plural to ensure the proper conjugation
of the verb.
These are singular pronouns :
Another, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, Everyone,
Everybody, Everything, Nothing, Each, Either No
One, Neither, Nobody, One, Someone, Somebody,
Something
Examples:



Another way to secrete water is by sweating
Anyone in this class likes English Subject
Anything comes from pigs is haram for
moslem
Neither, Nobody, One, Someone, Somebody,
Something