Download Pronouns

EACH
ANYONE
I
PRONOUNS
A WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN
OR ANOTHER PRONOUN
IT
HIMSELF
WHAT IS A PRONOUN
• A pronoun is a word that takes the place
of a noun, noun phrase or another
pronoun
• Pronouns can be in one of three cases:
Subject, Object, or Possessive
• reduces repeated use of the full subject or
object word
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
• Subject Pronouns - I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
function as the subject of a sentence:
– I live in New York.
– Do you like playing tennis?
– They bought a new car last month.
• Object Pronouns - me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
serve as the object of a verb.
– Give me the book.
– He told you to come tonight.
– I invited them to a party.
Personal Pronouns
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SUBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
POSSESSIVE
SUBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
POSSESSIVE
1ST
PERSON
I
ME
MY, MINE
WE
US
OUR,
OURS
2ND
PERSON
YOU
YOU
YOUR,
YOURS
YOU
YOU
YOUR,
YOURS
3RD
PERSON
HE,SHE,
IT
HIM,
HER, IT
HIS, HER
HERS,ITS
THEY
THEM
THEIR,
THEIRS
CHARACTERISTICS
•Personal pronouns have the following characteristics:
• FIRST OF ALL THERE ARE:
– Three cases – subject, object, and possessive
- The pronoun's form changes with its function in the
sentence.
– Examples:
– She met Paul. (She is the sentence subject, so it is a subject pronoun)
– Paul met her. (Her is the sentence direct object, so it is an object
pronoun)
The exception!
BASIC LINKING
VERBS
AM
IS
The exception?
Subject pronouns are used
AFTER these verbs.
ARE
WAS
WERE
I, you, he, she, it, we,
you, they
SUBJECT
PRONOUN
BE
BEING
BEEN
The best player is
she.
LINKING VERB
Possessive Pronouns
• If we don't use a noun after the pronoun we use a
possessive form. Do not confuse with possessive
adjectives.
Possessive Pronouns
Plural
mine
yours
his, hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
Examples:
Whose car is that? That car is mine.
They both used the same recipe for the cake but hers
came out better than his.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
• Possessive adjectives - my, your, his, her, its, our, your,
their - are often confused with possessive pronouns. The
possessive adjective modifies the noun following it in order to
show possession.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
I'll get my books.
Is that your car over there?
That is his teacher, Mr Jones.
I want to go to her store.
Its color is red.
Can we bring our children?
You are welcome to invite your husbands.
They bought their children a lot of presents.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this
that
these those
singular
(near)
singular
(far)
plural
(near)
plural
(far)
• Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as
determiners (modifier, describer).
• Example:
– Hand me that hammer. (that describes the noun
hammer)
• Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers:
• Example:
– She wanted that much money? (that describes the adjective much)
Reflexive Pronouns
• the "self" pronouns
• We use a reflexive pronoun when
we want to refer back to the subject
of the sentence or clause.
• These pronouns can be used only
to echo or intensify a word already
there.
• Reflexive pronouns CANNOT
REPLACE personal pronouns.
• Examples:
• I saw myself in the mirror.
• Miriam made herself a cake.
Reflexive
Pronoun
singular
myself
yourself
himself,
herself, itself
plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Do not use these words. This is
substandard
language.
theirselves
theirself
hisself
ourself
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Singular:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
one
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
each
somebody
anybody
nobody
•
•
•
•
•
•
everybody
(n)either
something
anything
nothing
everything
:
Examples
Somebody is coming to dinner.
Neither of us believes a word Harry says.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
• Plural
BOTH
FEW
SEVERAL
Examples:
Both are expected at the airport at the same time.
Several have suggested canceling the meeting.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
• Can be Singular or Plural, depending on
noun that follows and is closest to the
verb.
– All, Most, None, Some, Any, More
• All of the people clapped their hands.
• All of my work is in the drawer.
• Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of
the rug.
• Some of the trees have been weakened by the
storm.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
• Are used to ask a question.
WHO
WHOSE
WHOM
WHICH
What did you say?
Which movie would you like to see?
WHAT
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• Relative pronouns relate to another
noun preceding it in the sentence.
• The candidate will choose who will act as campaign director.
WHOEVER
WHICH
WHOSE
THAT
WHO
WHOMEVER