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Today’s Warm-up
• What is a noun?
• What is a verb?
Understanding
Verbals
A verbal is a verb that is being used
as another part of speech rather than
a verb.
There are three types of Verbals
• Participles
• Gerunds
• Infinitives
Examples
• The frightened cat scratched my eye.
• Running seems tiresome at first.
• Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like to slide at the
park.
Verbals
• A verbal is a verb that is being used as
another part of speech rather than a verb.
• Examples
Gerund
Participle
• The frightened cat scratched my eye.
• Running seems tiresome at first.
• Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like
to slide at the park.
Infinitive
Gerunds
• A gerund is a verb form always
ending in –ing that acts like a noun.
-Running is great exercise
-Most people enjoy eating.
Gerunds
• A gerund is a verb form always
ending in –ing that acts like a noun.
• -Running is great exercise
-Most people enjoy eating.
Gerunds
• Like a verb, the gerund:
• Expresses an action
• May take an object
Gerund Trick
• Here is a silly way to think of it: If a noun and a verb
got married, their children would be gerunds.
Gerund Identification
• A gerund always end with –ing without exception.
Since gerunds are verbs acting as nouns, you can test
any verb ending in –ing by substituting the word with
the pronoun “it”: If the –ing word can be replaced
with it, you have a gerund.
• Practicing is hard work.
• I hate practicing.
• He is practicing.
Gerunds as a Subject
• Subject: Swimming is fun.
• Swimming is a gerund. It is formed from a verb
(swim), it ends in -ing, and it is acting as the subject
of the sentence. It tells us what the sentence is about.
Examples:
• Eating too quickly gave him an upset stomach.
• Not doing his homework caused him to fail the test.
• Not having an answering machine causes him
to miss many calls.
Gerunds as a Direct Object
• Direct Object: She loves reading.
• Reading is a gerund. It is formed from a verb (read), it ends
in -ing, and it is acting as the direct object in the sentence.
This means that it is receiving the action of the verb loves.
Examples:
• He proposed meeting in a restaurant.
• I look forward to seeing you soon.
• She's worried about missing her bus
Gerund Review
Just remember three characteristics of gerunds, and
you'll be able to spot them easily:
1. They are formed from verbs
2. They end in –ing
3. They act as nouns.
Identify the Gerunds in the following
sentences
• Talking is a disruptive activity.
• My son loves playing with his toy dinosaur.
• The doctor gave studying all of his attention.
Infinitives
• An infinitive is a Verbal that appears with
the word “to” and acts as a noun, adjective,
or adverb
• 2 types of infinitives
• Present infinitive (only “to” + verb)
• Perfect infinitive (“to have” or “to have been” +
past tense version of the verb)
Infinitive examples
• Present
• I like to debate.
• To play with matches is wrong.
• Perfect
• I would have liked to read the paper.
• To have been mentioned would have been enough.
Because gerunds act as nouns, they can also do any of
the noun jobs. Here is a review of the noun jobs.
• Subjects Tell us whom or what a sentence is about.
•
•
•
•
Mary played outside.
Direct Objects receive the action of certain action verbs called
"transitive active verbs.“
Joe kicked the ball.
Indirect Objects receive the direct object
Joe kicked Mary the ball.
Predicate Nouns come after linking verbs. They rename the subject
of the sentence.
Joe is a great soccer player.
Objects of the Preposition are nouns that follow a preposition.
They are a necessary part of prepositional phrases.
Joe kicked the ball to Mary.
Participles
• A participle is a verbal that acts as an adjective.
• The crying woman left the movie theater.
• The frustrated child ran away from home.
Participles
• A participle is a form of a verb that acts as an
adjective.
• The crying woman left the movie theater.
• The frustrated child ran away from home.
Past or Present Participles
• Participles ending in an “ing” are Present Participles
• Participles ending in an “ed” are Past Participles
Identify the Participles in the following
sentences
• Sometimes my gurgling stomach keeps me from
concentrating
• While sleeping with the TV on, the tormented child
dreamt of monsters.
• Screaming adults tend to be very impatient.
Identify the verbals in the following sentences and
identify them as a participle, a gerund or an infinitive.
• Meditating on positive ideas brings great physical health.
• The explorer struggled to find the remote colony.
• The heated pool is great for sore muscles