Download ch02

Parts of Speech
Objectives
• Define the eight parts of speech.
• Recognize how parts of speech
function in sentences.
• Compose sentences showing words
playing more than one grammatical
role.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 2
Nouns name . . .
• Persons = Tracy, Juan, manager
• Places
= Las Vegas, islands,
Japan
• Things
= popcorn, notebooks,
surfboard
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 3
Nouns name . . .
• Qualities = efficiency, creativity,
patience
• Concepts = ethics, communication,
travel
• Activities = driving, management
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 4
Test for Nouns
To test for a noun, use the word in
question with the verb is or are.
Tracy is
Japan is
Notebooks are
Patience is
Driving is
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 5
Dictionary Use
• A dictionary indicates the part of
speech of each of its entries.
• The abbreviation used to classify a
noun is usually n.
• Look up the parts of speech of the
following words.
business
group
train
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 6
Pronouns . . .
Replace nouns.
Use pronouns for efficiency and variety.
Without pronouns:
Jeff said Jeff must find Jeff’s keys before Jeff
could leave for work.
With pronouns:
Jeff said he must find his keys before he could
leave for work.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 7
Pronouns . . .
• Function as subjects:
I, we, they, he, she, it, you
• Function as objects of verbs:
me, us, them, him, her
• Show possession:
mine, ours, theirs, his, hers
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 8
Pronouns . . .
• Act as connectors:
that, which, who
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 9
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify a
pronoun is usually pron.
• Look up the parts of speech of the
following words.
who
me
those
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 10
Functions of Verbs
Verbs express an action, an
occurrence, or a state of being.
• Lisa wrote the report. (Action)
• The report has many footnotes. (Occurrence)
• She is a good writer. (State of being)
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 11
Verbs
• Action verbs tell what the subject does.
grumbles, decides, works, praises
• Linking (state of being) verbs join
subjects to words that describe those
subjects.
is, are, was, were,
appears, seems, feels, smells
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 12
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 13
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 14
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 15
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
^Linking Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 16
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
^Linking Verb
^Action Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 17
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
^Linking Verb
^Action Verb
• Tony has been trying to reach us.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 18
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
^Linking Verb
^Action Verb
• Tony has been trying to reach us.
^Verb Phrase
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 19
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviations used to classify
a verb are usually vt., vb., or vi.
• How does your dictionary classify
these words?
move
like
carry
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 20
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
the way to their classes.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 21
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
n.
the way to their classes.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 22
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
n.
vb.
the way to their classes.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 23
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
n.
vb.
vb.
the way to their classes.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 24
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
n.
vb.
vb.
the way to their classes.
n.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 25
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all
n.
vb.
vb.
the way to their classes.
n.
n.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 26
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
the solution to the problem.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 27
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n.
the solution to the problem.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 28
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n. vb.
the solution to the problem.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 29
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n. vb.
pron.
the solution to the problem.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 30
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n. vb.
pron. vb.
the solution to the problem.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 31
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n. vb.
pron. vb.
the solution to the problem.
n.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 32
Check your skill . . .
What part of speech is each
underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
n. vb.
pron. vb.
the solution to the problem.
n.
n.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 33
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.
• Answer these questions:
What kind? the smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 34
Adjectives . . .
• Answer these questions:
• Describe nouns or pronouns.
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive.
^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 35
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.
• Answer these questions:
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive.
^adjective
^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 36
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.
• Answer these questions:
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive.
^adjective
^linking verb^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 37
Special Adjectives
The words a, an, and the form a
special group of adjectives
called articles.
The president of a profitable
company is an energetic
person.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 38
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify
an adjective is usually adj.
• Look up the parts of speech of
the following words.
thirteen
likable
criminal
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 39
Adverbs . . .
• Describe or limit verbs, adjectives, or
other adverbs.
• Answer these questions:
When?
We worked yesterday.
How?
He lifted the package carefully.
Where?
Here is the paper you needed.
To what extent? She answered fully.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 40
Adverbs
Many, but not all, words ending
in ly are adverbs.
Exceptions are friendly, costly,
and ugly. These words are
adjectives.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 41
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify
an adverb is usually adv.
• Look up the parts of speech of
the following words.
lightly
today
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
where
Ch. 2 - 42
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 43
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 44
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Pronoun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 45
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 46
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Article
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 47
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 48
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 49
Check your skill . . .
Name the part of speech of each of
the underlined words below.
Today you may learn a very important lesson.
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Noun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 50
Prepositions . . .
• Join nouns and pronouns to other
words in a sentence.
The truck was driven by Ann.
The truck was driven for Ann.
The truck was driven around Ann.
The truck was driven over Ann.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 51
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify a
preposition is usually prep.
• Look up the parts of speech of
the following words.
to
by
for
at
with
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
of
Ch. 2 - 52
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 53
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 54
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 55
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 56
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 57
Check your skill . . .
How many prepositional
phrases do you see in the
following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the
sun.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 58
Conjunctions . . .
• Connect words or groups of
words.
The most common conjunctions are:
and
but
or
nor
They are called coordinating conjunctions.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 59
Conjunctions
Hamburgers, pizza, and tacos
are my favorites; but I am also
able to tolerate fried chicken.
In the above sentence, the word and joins
equal words; the word but joins equal
groups of words.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 60
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify
a conjunction is usually conj.
• Look up the parts of speech of
the following words.
and
so
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
yet
Ch. 2 - 61
Interjections . . .
• Show surprise, disbelief, or
strong feeling.
Oh, I can’t believe that lunch is
two hours away!
Wow! Did you feel that tremor?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 62
Dictionary Use
• The abbreviation used to classify
an interjection is usually interj.
• Look up the parts of speech of
the following words.
really
well
wow
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 63
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 64
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 65
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
interjection
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 66
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 67
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
pronoun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 68
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 69
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
conjunction
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 70
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 71
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
noun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 72
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 73
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 74
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 75
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 76
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 77
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 78
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 79
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
noun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 80
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 81
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
preposition
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 82
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 83
Check your skill . . .
Classify all eight parts of
speech in the following
passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly
found two apartments for me!
pronoun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 84
Summary
• Namers
Nouns name things.
Pronouns rename nouns.
• Performers
Verbs express actions,
occurrences, or states of being.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 85
Summary
• Connectors
Prepositions join nouns and/or
pronouns to the rest of a sentence.
Conjunctions connect words or
groups of words.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 86
Summary
• Describers
Adjectives describe nouns and
pronouns.
Adverbs describe verbs, adverbs,
adjectives.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 87
Summary
• Exclaimers
Interjections show strong feeling.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 88
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 89
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
noun
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 90
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
noun
• He operates a service station.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 91
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
noun
• He operates a service station.
adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 92
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
noun
• He operates a service station.
adjective
• Did you service your car?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 93
Check your skill . . .
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
noun
• He operates a service station.
adjective
• Did you service your car?
verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 94
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Select a if the sentence is true;
select b if the sentence is false.
1. Words ending in ly are usually
adjectives.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 95
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Select a if the sentence is true;
select b if the sentence is false.
1. Words ending in ly are usually
adjectives.
a. True
b. False (adverbs)
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 96
Chapter 2 - Quiz
2. The words by, to, from, and with
are conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 97
Chapter 2 - Quiz
2. The words by, to, from, and with
are conjunctions.
a. True
b. False (prepositions)
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 98
Chapter 2 - Quiz
3. Adjectives modify (describe or
limit) nouns or pronouns.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 99
Chapter 2 - Quiz
3. Adjectives modify (describe or
limit) nouns or pronouns.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 100
Chapter 2 - Quiz
4. The words and, or, nor, and
but are coordinating
conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 101
Chapter 2 - Quiz
4. The words and, or, nor, and
but are coordinating
conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 102
Chapter 2 - Quiz
5. The word mail may function as
a noun, a verb, or an adjective.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 103
Chapter 2 - Quiz
5. The word mail may function as
a noun, a verb, or an adjective.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 104
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
6. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Adverb
b. Adjective
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 105
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
6. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Adverb
b. Adjective
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 106
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
7. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 107
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
7. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 108
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
8. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 109
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
8. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 110
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
9. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 111
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
9. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 112
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
10. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 113
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
10. Our new computer quickly calculated the
answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 114
END
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 2 - 115