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PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We use the Present Simple to talk about :
a) A present state or feeling
b) An activity we do regularly
We use the Present Continuous to talk about :
a) An activity happening right now at the time of speaking
b) An activity happening for some time around the time of speaking but not
necessarily now
Ex: I usually go to work by bus. But today I am driving.
COMPARISONS
The comparative form, which is made by adding -er or a
preceding more to the adjective, shows either a greater degree or makes a
comparison between two persons or things.
Some verbs are followed by either gerunds or
infinitives if we must use two verbs.
Ex: I prefer reading to listening.
I love dancing
I like visiting my family.
I can’t stand living in a crowded city.
You would like to be a teacher.
SIMPLE PAST AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
EX: She doesn’t study, __________?
He is very rich, ___________?
Susan will phone tomorrow,_______?
PASSIVE
To form the passive, we use the verb to be + V3
EX: People speak French in France(active
sentence)
French is spoken in France(passive sentence)
EX: The thief stole my purse(active sentence)
My purse was stolen (passive sentence)
FEELINGS
Angry: kızgın
Annoyed: rahatsız olmuş
Anxious: endişeli
Bored: sıkılmış
Calm: sakin
Cheerful: neşeli
Delighted: memnun
Depressed: canı sıkkın
Excited: heyecanlı
Furious: öfkeli
Nervous: gergin
Relaxed: rahatlamış
Sad: üzgün
Scared: korkmuş
Thrilled: heyecanlı
Upset: üzgün
Worried: endişeli
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
MAKING SUGGESTIONS
PREDICTIONS
Will / won’t + infinitive : We use it to express our opinions and
beliefs about the future
(often with I think, I hope, certainly, maybe,
probably,perhaps)
Ex: The films will certainly win more Oscars.
Be going to + infinitive : We use it to express predictions
based on evidence in the
present situations.
Ex: The child is going to fall down.
may / might + infinitive : We use it to express an uncertain
prediction or guess about
the future.
Ex: They may be less popular with younger audiences.
They might have less technology.
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
RELATIVE CLAUSES
In relative clauses we use:
Who and that to talk about people
Which and that to talk about things
Where to talk about places
Whose to talk about possession
When to talk about time
Ex: I know the man who works in the bank.
The girl who sits there is my cousin.
He recorded a single which is very popular nowadays.
The boy whose cat died cried so much.
We will go to the hotel where we stayed last year.
The 1950s is the time when pop was born.
UNREAL CONDITIONALS
We use unreal conditions for imagined present situation or unlike
future situation.
If + past simple, would / could (not)
Ex: What would you do if you had millions of dollars?
I would go on a very long holiday.
Ex: If mobile phones didn’t exist, we wouldn’t be able to talk to
friends.
Ex: If scientists had more money, they could find a cure for AIDS
GÜLŞAH ALEMDAR