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POETRY POETRY A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas) POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem. POETRY FORM FORM - the appearance of the words on the page A word is dead When it is said, Some say. LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem STANZA - a group of lines arranged together I say it just Begins to live That day. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet Triplet (Tercet) Quatrain Quintet Sestet (Sextet) Septet Octave = = = = = = = a two line stanza a three line stanza a four line stanza a five line stanza a six line stanza a seven line stanza an eight line stanza SOUND EFFECTS RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain. METER A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem. FREE VERSE POETRY Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Does NOT have rhyme. Free verse poetry is very conversational sounds like someone talking with you. A more modern type of poetry. RHYME Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound ONOMATOPOEIA Words that imitate the sound they are naming BUZZ OR sounds that imitate another sound “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain . . .” ALLITERATION Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? CONSONANCE Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words “silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “ ASSONANCE Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. Lake Fate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.) ASSONANCE Examples of ASSONANCE: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” - John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” - William Shakespeare REFRAIN A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’” ~Poe FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE SIMILE A comparison of two things using “like” or “as” “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.” METAPHOR A direct comparison of two un like things (does not use “like” or “as”) “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” -~William Shakespeare HYPERBOLE Exaggeration often used for emphasis. “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!” PERSONIFICATION An animal or object is given human characteristics “We were soaked by the cloud’s unhappy tears.” OTHER POETIC DEVICES SYMBOLISM When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace IMAGERY Language that appeals to the senses. Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. “then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . .” from “Those Winter Sundays” SOME SPECIFIC TYPES OF POETRY HAIKU A Japanese poem written in three lines Five Syllables Seven Syllables Five Syllables An old silent pond . . . A frog jumps into the pond. Splash! Silence again. Haiku Has three non-rhyming lines. First line has 5 syllables. Second line has 7 syllables. Third line has 5 syllables. Often about something beautiful in nature. Haiku X X X X X 5 syllables Brisk spring and fall air 7 syllables New colors glance in my hair 5 syllables X X X X X X X X X As I watch in awe. X X X Haiku Let’s try one together: Title: 5 syllables 7 syllables 5 syllables CINQUAIN – form 1 A five line poem containing 22 syllables Two Syllables Four Syllables Six Syllables Eight Syllables Two Syllables How frail Above the bulk Of crashing water hangs Autumnal, evanescent, wan The moon. Cinquain - form 2 Has five lines: Line 1: noun Line 2: two adjectives describing the noun Line 3: three verbs showing the actions of the noun Line 4: a four-word phrase telling about the noun Line 5: repetition of the noun or use of a synonym for the noun Cinquain noun Sneakers 2 adjectives White, squeaky 3 verbs Running, jumping, skipping 4-word phrase synonym for noun They cover my feet Nike Cinquain Let’s try one together: noun 2 adjectives 3 verbs 4-word phrase synonym for noun Diamante Diamond-shaped poem with 7 lines: Line 1: 1 NOUN-A Line 2: 2 ADJECTIVES-A Line 3: 3 GERUNDS-A (verb + -ing) Line 4: 2 NOUNS-A + 2 NOUNS-B Line 5: 3 GERUNDS-B (verb + -ing) Line 6: 2 ADJECTIVES-B Line 7: 1 NOUN-B Diamante 1 noun A 2 adjectives A 3 verbs + -ing A Winter Rainy, cold Skiing, skating, sledding 2 nouns A + 2 nouns B Mountains, wind, breeze, ocean 3 verbs + -ing B Swimming, surfing, scuba diving 2 adjectives B 1 noun B Sunny, hot Summer Diamante Let’s try one together: Title: 1 noun A 2 adjectives A 3 verbs + -ing A 2 nouns A + 2 nouns B 3 verbs + -ing B 2 adjectives B 1 noun B Bio Poem Bio poetry gives basic information about a person in a poetic form. Bio is short for biography which is a story written about a person’s life. Bio Poem •Line 1: Your first name only •Line 2: Four traits that describe you (adjectives) •Line 3: Wishes to… •Line 4: Dreams of… •Line 5: Wants to… •Line 6: Who wonders… •Line 7: Who fears… •Line 8: Who likes… •Line 9: Who loves… •Line 10: Who wants to see… (3 things) •Line 11: Who resides in… (name of your city) •Line 12: Your last name only Bio Poem •Mary •Wife, Mom, Teacher, Runner •Wishes to see Ellen •Dreams of eating good food •Wants to win the lottery •Who wonders what her children will do when they get older •Who fears drowning in the ocean •Who likes a good belly laugh •Who wants to see Italy, the US by RV, a good movie , and my kids grow up! •Who resides in Chalfont •McDonald Limerick Five line poem Funny or nonsensical First line often begins with – “There once was…” Limerick Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines There once was a sweet little frog Who lived by himself on a log. He saw a fat fly, And he said, “Oh my! How it ended? Rhymes with 1 &2 I think I’ll go out for a jog.” Limerick Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines There once was a farmer from Maine Whose cow was in terrible pain He went to the vet To care for his pet How it ended? Rhymes with 1 &2 But then he got caught in the rain. Limerick Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines There once was a puppy named Prince, Who guarded his owner’s back fence He barked at the man Who picked up the can How it ended? Rhymes with 1 &2 Stealing garbage just didn’t make sense! Limerick Let’s try on together: Usually begins with “There once was…” Rhymes with 2 What happens? 12- Rhymes with 1 2 short snappy lines 3- 3 & 4 rhyme 4- How it ended? Rhymes with 1 &2 5- CONCRETE POEMS In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem. Poetry Is like Flames, Which are Swift and elusive Dodging realization Sparks, like words on the Paper, leap and dance in the Flickering firelight. The fiery Tongues, formless and shifting Shapes, tease the imagination. Yet for those who see, Through their mind’s Eye, they burn Up the page. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.