Download The Sentence - Olympic High School

Basic English Review—English the Easy Way
UNIT
1
objectives
The Sentence
1. To understand that a sentence expresses a
complete thought.
2. To recognize the different kinds of
sentences.
3. To identify the eight parts of speech.
4. To write sentences effectively.
UNIT 1
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Section 1
A Sentence
 A sentence expresses a complete thought through
a series or group of words.
 A simple sentence consists of two important parts,
the subject (a noun or pronoun) and the verb.
 The subject noun is a person, place, or thing
spoken of, and the verb is the word that tells what
the subject does or is.
 A group of words is not a sentence unless it
contains both a subject and a verb.
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Section 1
The Sentence
Alexa went to the trade show.
Alexa went to the trade show.
Analysis
Alexa—person spoken of—subject
went—tells what Alexa did—verb
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Section 1
The Sentence
example
 Anthony in his car at the toll booth.
 Anthony in his car at the toll booth.
Analysis
 Anthony—person spoken of—subject
 There is no verb to tell what Anthony did—the sentence is
incomplete.
 A verb such as drove, sat, or waited is needed to complete the
sentence.
Correct
 Anthony waited in his car at the toll booth.
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Section 1
5
The Sentence—Compound Subjects
Take Plural Verbs
Grace and Tom walk two miles every day.
Grace and Tom walk two miles every day.
Analysis
Grace, Tom—persons spoken of—subject
walk—tells what Grace and Tom do—verb
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Section 2
Kinds of Sentences
Declarative
Interrogative
Exclamatory
Imperative
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Section 2
Declarative Sentence
The declarative sentence makes a
statement.
It ends with a period.
Examples:
The band played many new songs.
Jennifer Lopez sings with a band.
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Section 2
Interrogative Sentence
The interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends with a question mark.
Examples:
Are you looking for a job?
How long have you been in school?
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Section 2
Exclamatory Sentence
The exclamatory sentence expresses
surprise, disbelief, or deep feeling.
It ends with an exclamation point.
Examples
That was a great movie!
Watch out for that runaway truck!
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Section 2
Imperative Sentence
The imperative sentence gives a command,
requests someone to do something, or begs.
It usually ends with a period, but a strong
command may end with an exclamation
point.
The subject you is often omitted, but
understood.
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Section 2
Imperative Sentence
example
Listen to the teacher. (you understood)
Keep your hand down. (you understood)
Look at these new Web sites.
Don't touch that delete button! (imperative
and exclamatory)
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Section 3
Parts of Speech
Most of the words that are used to make
sentences can be sorted into eight
classifications called parts of speech.
Some words can be more than one part of
speech depending on their position or use in
a sentence.
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Section 3-A
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Nouns -A noun names a person, a place,
a thing, a concept, or an activity.
Michael Jordan played basketball in
Chicago.
Michael Jordan played basketball in
Chicago.
Analysis
Michael Jordan—names a person—noun
basketball—names a thing—noun
Chicago—names a place—noun
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Section 3-A
Nouns
example
Hope springs eternal.
Hope springs eternal.
Analysis
Hope—names a concept—noun
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Section 3-A
Nouns
example
Cross-training keeps Sonya and Chris fit.
Cross-training keeps Sonya and Chris fit.
Analysis
Cross-training—names an activity—noun
Sonya and Chris—name people—nouns
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Section 3-B
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Pronouns – A pronoun is a word used
as a substitute for a noun.
He ran to catch the bus.
He ran to catch the bus.
Analysis
He—used in place of the name of the
individual—pronoun
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Section 3-B
Pronouns
example
They visited the Hawaiian Islands.
They visited the Hawaiian Islands.
Analysis
They—used in place of the names of the
individuals—pronoun
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Section 3-B
Pronouns
example
The school admitted them.
The school admitted them.
Analysis
them—used in place of the names of the
individuals—pronoun
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Section 3-C
19
Verbs -A verb tells what the subject
does or is or what happens to it.
 It can make a statement, ask a question, or give a
command.
 Nichole Walter wrote an interesting term paper.
 Nichole Walter wrote an interesting term paper.
Analysis
 wrote—tells what the subject, Nichole Walter,
did—verb
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Section 3-C
Verbs
example
Is Maui one of the Hawaiian Islands?
Is Maui one of the Hawaiian Islands?
Analysis
Is—asks a question about the subject,
Maui—verb
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Section 3-C
Verbs
example
Handle that vase carefully!
Handle that vase carefully!
Analysis
Handle—gives a command to the
understood subject, you (You handle that
vase carefully!)—verb
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Section 3-D
Adjectives
An adjective modifies (describes) a noun or
a pronoun.
It answers such questions as these: How
many? How big? What kind? Which?
A, an, and the are adjectives.
Definite (the) and indefinite (a, an)
adjectives are referred to as articles.
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Section 3-D
Adjectives
example
The three sisters started a new business.
The three sisters started a new business.
Analysis
The—definite adjective
three—tells how many sisters—adjective
a—indefinite adjective
new—tells what kind of business—adjective
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Section 3-D
Adjectives
example
The veteran coach wears blue hats.
The veteran coach wears blue hats.
Analysis
The—definite adjective
veteran—tells what kind of coach—
adjective
blue—tells what kind of hats—adjective
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Section 3-E
Adverbs
An adverb modifies (describes) a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb.
It answers such questions as these: When?
Where? How?
Most words ending in ly are adverbs.
Five common exceptions are friendly, lively,
lonely, lovely, and ugly, which are
adjectives.
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Section 3-E
Adverbs
example
Sandy walked quickly in the hot sand.
Sandy walked quickly in the hot sand.
Analysis
quickly—modifies the verb, walked, by
telling how—adverb
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Section 3-E
Adverbs
example
The moving van traveled south from San
Francisco.
The moving van traveled south from San
Francisco.
Analysis
south—modifies the verb, traveled, by
telling where or in what direction—adverb
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Section 3-E
Adverbs
example
Anne seldom missed a basketball game.
Anne seldom missed a basketball game.
Analysis
seldom—modifies the verb, missed, by
telling when—adverb
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Section 3-F
Prepositions
A preposition shows the relationship of a
noun or pronoun to some other word in the
sentence.
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Section 3-F
Prepositions
example
 The police chased the thief around the house and
into the bushes.
 The police chased the thief around the house and
into the bushes.
Analysis
 around—shows relationship between house and
chased
 into—shows relationship between bushes and
chased—preposition
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Section 3-F
Prepositions
example
 The election established the winner by a majority
of the votes.
 The election established the winner by a majority
of the votes.
Analysis
 by—shows relationship between majority and
winner—preposition
 of—shows relationship between votes and
majority—preposition
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Section 3-G
Conjunctions
A conjunction joins words, phrases (groups
of related words that lack a subject or a
verb), and clauses (groups of words
containing a subject and a verb).
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Section 3-G
Conjunctions
example
Mysteries and comedies are my favorite
television shows.
Mysteries and comedies are my favorite
television shows.
Analysis
and—joins the words Mysteries and
comedies—conjunction
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Section 3-G
Conjunctions
example
Was your aunt the senator or governor of
your state?
Was your aunt the senator or governor of
your state?
Analysis
or—joins the words senator and governor—
conjunction
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Section 3-G
Conjunctions
example
The parents of the players and the students
left the dressing room.
The parents of the players and the students
left the dressing room.
Analysis
and—joins the phrases The parents of the
players and the students—conjunction
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Section 3-G
Conjunctions
example
When I entered the garage, I noticed the flat
tire.
When I entered the garage, I noticed the flat
tire.
Analysis
When—introduces and joins the clause
When I entered the garage with the clause I
noticed the flat tire—conjunction
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Section 3-H
Interjections
An interjection is a word or words used to
express strong and sudden feeling—
surprise, fear, suspense, anger, love, joy,
and other emotions.
Words such as wow, ouch, hurrah, oh, and
hooray are interjections.
Words such as help, beware, and stop
(usually verbs) may be used as interjections.
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Section 3-H
Interjections
example
Ouch! That match burned my hand.
Ouch! That match burned my hand.
Analysis
Ouch!—expresses sudden feeling—
interjection
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Section 3-H
Interjections
example
Wow! I finally found the perfect job.
Wow! I finally found the perfect job.
Analysis
Wow!—expresses sudden feeling—
interjection
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