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TENSES There are six tenses in English + German • present tense: I sing. Ich singe. • simple past: I sang. Ich sang. • present perfect: I have sung. Ich habe gesungen • past perfect: I had sung. Ich hatte gesungen. • future I will sing. Ich werde singen. • future perfect I will have sung. Ich werde gesungen haben. to form the present perfect tense in German you need • an auxilliary verb HABEN or SEIN as a rule HABEN is used. SEIN is used with intransitive verbs indicating a change of position or condition and the verbs: sein bleiben • the past participle a. regular verbs: ge + stem + (e)t kaufen: gekauft kosten: gekostet b. irregular verbs: ge +[special form]+e n kommen: gekommen nehmen: genommen There are some small irregularities in forming the past participle in German: 1.verbs ending in - ieren studieren gratulieren studiert gratuliert 2. verbs with an inseparable prefix erzählen verstehen erzählt verstanden 3. verbs with a separable prefix abreisen ankommen abgereist angekommen and there is absolutely no alternative to memorizing the irregular past participles ...