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eOlltcllts
PART 1
1
3
1. Definite Article
2. Gender of Nouns
3. Present and Past Tenses of sein
2
8
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nominative and Accusative
Infinitive
Present Tense of Regular Verbs
Present Tense of haben
Reading: Zablen (12)
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
13
Genitive
Dative
Plural of Nouns
Past Tense of Regular Verbs and of haben
Meanings of the Past Tense
Reading: Zablen von zehn bis hundert (17)
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
18
Indefinite Article ein
Ein-Words
Present Tense of Irregular Verbs
Compound Nouns
Reading: Kurze Gescbichte der deutschen Universititen (22)
5
24
1. Der-Words
2. Past Tense ofIrregular Verbs
vii
viii
CONTENTS
3. Word Order
a. Important Element at End of Sentence
b. Normal and Inverted Word Order
Reading: Die VOIkerwanderung (28)
Review 1: Deutschland
30
6
33
I. Prepositions
2. Contraction of Prepositions
3. Man
Reading: Das Erste, Zweite und Dritte Reich (37)
7
38
I. Adjective Endings
2. Declension of Adjectives
3. Adjectives Used as Nouns
Reading: Aluminium (42)
S
44
1. Adverbs
2. Verbs with Separable and Inseparable Prefixes
3. Rules for Determining Singulars and Plurals of Nouns
Reading: Der Blitz (48)
9
I.
2.
3.
4.
49
Perfect Tenses
Meanings of the Perfect Tenses
Word Order
Past Participles
Reading: Die 4-H Bewegung in Osterreich (53)
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
55
Present Participle
Participles Used as Adjectives and Adverbs
Past Participle Used with sein
Participles Used as Nouns
Infinitives Used as Nouns
Case Endings of Nouns
Reading: Eine drollige Geschichte (59)
Review 2: Die Bewohner Osterreichs
61
CONTENTS
II
ix
64
1. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
2. Irregular Comparisons
3. Translation of Comparatives and Superlatives
4. Special Uses of the Comparative and Superlative
5. Comparatives and Superlatives Used as Nouns
Reading: Die Erforschung des Meeresbodens (69)
12
1.
2.
3.
4.
71
Werden
Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Tenses Used to Express Probability
Reading: Die Vermehrung der Bevolkerung der Erde (75)
13
77
1. Passive Voice
2. Present and Past Tenses of the Passive Voice
3. Three Uses of werden
4. Personal Pronouns
5. Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent
Reading: Sturm ond Drang (81)
14
82
1. Perfect Tenses of the Passive Voice
2. Infinitive of the Passive Voice
3. Future Tense of the Passive Voice
4. Future Perfect of the Passive Voice
5. Word Study
a. Cognates
b. Suffix-er
Reading: Die Hessen im Amerikanischen Freiheitskrieg (86)
15
1. Reflexive Pronouns
2. Reflexive Verbs
3. Conjugation of the Reflexive Verb
4. Position of the Reflexive Pronoun in Main Clauses
5. Verb Basis of Compound Words
a. Suffix -bar
b. Suffix -lich
Reading: Die Hessen im Amerikanischen Freiheitskrieg
(Fortsetzung) (93)
88
x
CONTENTS
Review 3: Paracelsus
94
16
97
1. Modal Auxiliaries
2. Conjugation of the Modals
3. Modals and the Dependent Infinitive
Reading: Ein Brief (100)
17
1.
2.
3.
4.
102
Perfect Tenses of Modals
Double Infinitive with Other Verbs
Idiomatic Meanings of Modal Auxiliaries
Word Study
a. Suffix -lich
b. Suffix-er
Reading: Ein Brief (Fortsetzung) (106)
IS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
107
Relative Pronouns
Recognizing Relative Clauses
Agreement of Relative Pronoun and Antecedent
Case of the Pronoun
Was as a Relative Pronoun
Reading: VberschaIIgeschwindigkeit (111)
19
112
1. Demonstrative Pronouns (der, die, das; die)
2. Other Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Word Study
a. Suffix -los
b. Suffix -fach
c. Suffix -mal
Reading: Gifte (115)
20
116
1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Learn to Differentiate
a. wiihrend as preposition or subordinating conjunction
b. da as adverb or subordinating conjunction
c. damit as da plus preposition or as subordinating conjunction
d. indem and in dem
Reading: Das Verbreitungsgebiet von Pflanzen (120)
CONTENTS
Review 4: Bienen fast so gefiibrlicb wie Klapperschlangen?
xi
121
Die Obrfeige
21
1~
1. Interrogatives
2. Wer, was Used as Interrogative and Relative Pronouns
3. Verb-First Constructions
a. Questions
b. Omission of wenn in conditional clauses
4. Feminine Noun Suffixes
a. Suffix -ung
b. Suffixes -beit, -keit, -igkeit
Reading: Der Intelligenz-Quotient (128)
22
129
1. Infinitives with zu
2. Verb-First Constructions
a. Imperative
b. Verb-first followed by wir
3. Review of Verb-First Constructions
Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (134)
23
136
1. Extended-Adjective Construction
2. Recognizing Extended-Adjective Constructions
3. Translating the Extended-Adjective Construction
Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (140)
24
1042
1. Other Types of Extended-Adjective Constructions
a. Introduced by a preposition followed by another preposition
b. Without limiting adjective
c. Participle used as noun
2. Extended Adjective plus Unextended Adjectives Before the Noun
3. Several Extended Adjectives Preceding the Noun
Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (145)
25
147
1. Extended-Adjective Construction Within an Extended-Adjective
Construction
2. Zu plus Present Participle
3. Participial Phrases
4. 1st (war) plus zu plus Infinitive
Reading: Stra8enbriicke aus Aluminium (150)
xii
CONTENTS
Review 5: Die neuen Sechszylinder
Der Arbeitsmann
152
26
155
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wo(r)-Compounds
Da(r)-Compounds
Hier-Compounds
Adverbs of Direction in Prepositional Phrases
Reading: Verbesserter Holz-Feuerschutz (159)
27
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
161
Subjunctive Mood
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse
Indirect Questions
Reading: Die Alchemie (165)
28
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
166
The Subjunctive in Suppositions or Conditions Contrary to Fact
Wenn-Clauses or Conclusion Clauses Standing Alone
Als ob, als wenn
Ob, wenn Omitted
Special Uses of Subjunctives with Infinitive Stem
a. Wishes and exhortations
b. Formulas and directions
c. Assumptions in scientific writing
d. Common phrases
Reading: Das Attentat zu Sarajewo (170)
29
172
1. Idiomatic Meanings of Subjunctive Modals
2. Prepositions Following Nouns or Pronouns
3. Lassen
Reading: Buchbesprechung (175)
30
l. Es
a. Es as a personal pronoun
b. Indefinite es
c. Introductory es, not the real subject
2. Clauses Without a Subject
176
CONTENTS
xiii
3. Es in Idioms
4. Selbst, SeIber
5. Wenn auch, auch wenn
Reading: Buchbesprechung (180)
Review 6: Das Gericht der Tiere
182
PART 2 Readings
Millionen Schafe verdanken ihr Futter einem Zufall
187
Ober die Grenzen der Schnelligkeit
191
Die Taubnessel
194
Gibt es eine Schlafnorm?
196
Das Leben am absoluten Nullpunkt
199
Atomkern unter der Lupe
202
Was waren wir ohne Wurst?
205
Ruhm und Elend eines Erfinderlebens
208
Charles Darwins Tat
212
Hikuli-der heilige Kaktus der Tarahumara
217
Das neue Bild der Vorgeschichte Nordamerikas
223
Vom Koibenmotor zorn Diisenaggregat
230
Albert Schweitzer: Kann das Friedensreich kommen?
237
Einbiirgerungsversuche mit Moschusochsen
239
APPENDIX
Pronunciation Guide
245
Irregular Verbs
250
VOCABULARY
255
INDEX
271