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eOlltcllts PART 1 1 3 1. Definite Article 2. Gender of Nouns 3. Present and Past Tenses of sein 2 8 1. 2. 3. 4. Nominative and Accusative Infinitive Present Tense of Regular Verbs Present Tense of haben Reading: Zablen (12) 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 13 Genitive Dative Plural of Nouns Past Tense of Regular Verbs and of haben Meanings of the Past Tense Reading: Zablen von zehn bis hundert (17) 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 18 Indefinite Article ein Ein-Words Present Tense of Irregular Verbs Compound Nouns Reading: Kurze Gescbichte der deutschen Universititen (22) 5 24 1. Der-Words 2. Past Tense ofIrregular Verbs vii viii CONTENTS 3. Word Order a. Important Element at End of Sentence b. Normal and Inverted Word Order Reading: Die VOIkerwanderung (28) Review 1: Deutschland 30 6 33 I. Prepositions 2. Contraction of Prepositions 3. Man Reading: Das Erste, Zweite und Dritte Reich (37) 7 38 I. Adjective Endings 2. Declension of Adjectives 3. Adjectives Used as Nouns Reading: Aluminium (42) S 44 1. Adverbs 2. Verbs with Separable and Inseparable Prefixes 3. Rules for Determining Singulars and Plurals of Nouns Reading: Der Blitz (48) 9 I. 2. 3. 4. 49 Perfect Tenses Meanings of the Perfect Tenses Word Order Past Participles Reading: Die 4-H Bewegung in Osterreich (53) 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 55 Present Participle Participles Used as Adjectives and Adverbs Past Participle Used with sein Participles Used as Nouns Infinitives Used as Nouns Case Endings of Nouns Reading: Eine drollige Geschichte (59) Review 2: Die Bewohner Osterreichs 61 CONTENTS II ix 64 1. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs 2. Irregular Comparisons 3. Translation of Comparatives and Superlatives 4. Special Uses of the Comparative and Superlative 5. Comparatives and Superlatives Used as Nouns Reading: Die Erforschung des Meeresbodens (69) 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 71 Werden Future Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Tenses Used to Express Probability Reading: Die Vermehrung der Bevolkerung der Erde (75) 13 77 1. Passive Voice 2. Present and Past Tenses of the Passive Voice 3. Three Uses of werden 4. Personal Pronouns 5. Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent Reading: Sturm ond Drang (81) 14 82 1. Perfect Tenses of the Passive Voice 2. Infinitive of the Passive Voice 3. Future Tense of the Passive Voice 4. Future Perfect of the Passive Voice 5. Word Study a. Cognates b. Suffix-er Reading: Die Hessen im Amerikanischen Freiheitskrieg (86) 15 1. Reflexive Pronouns 2. Reflexive Verbs 3. Conjugation of the Reflexive Verb 4. Position of the Reflexive Pronoun in Main Clauses 5. Verb Basis of Compound Words a. Suffix -bar b. Suffix -lich Reading: Die Hessen im Amerikanischen Freiheitskrieg (Fortsetzung) (93) 88 x CONTENTS Review 3: Paracelsus 94 16 97 1. Modal Auxiliaries 2. Conjugation of the Modals 3. Modals and the Dependent Infinitive Reading: Ein Brief (100) 17 1. 2. 3. 4. 102 Perfect Tenses of Modals Double Infinitive with Other Verbs Idiomatic Meanings of Modal Auxiliaries Word Study a. Suffix -lich b. Suffix-er Reading: Ein Brief (Fortsetzung) (106) IS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 107 Relative Pronouns Recognizing Relative Clauses Agreement of Relative Pronoun and Antecedent Case of the Pronoun Was as a Relative Pronoun Reading: VberschaIIgeschwindigkeit (111) 19 112 1. Demonstrative Pronouns (der, die, das; die) 2. Other Demonstrative Pronouns 3. Word Study a. Suffix -los b. Suffix -fach c. Suffix -mal Reading: Gifte (115) 20 116 1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions 2. Subordinating Conjunctions 3. Learn to Differentiate a. wiihrend as preposition or subordinating conjunction b. da as adverb or subordinating conjunction c. damit as da plus preposition or as subordinating conjunction d. indem and in dem Reading: Das Verbreitungsgebiet von Pflanzen (120) CONTENTS Review 4: Bienen fast so gefiibrlicb wie Klapperschlangen? xi 121 Die Obrfeige 21 1~ 1. Interrogatives 2. Wer, was Used as Interrogative and Relative Pronouns 3. Verb-First Constructions a. Questions b. Omission of wenn in conditional clauses 4. Feminine Noun Suffixes a. Suffix -ung b. Suffixes -beit, -keit, -igkeit Reading: Der Intelligenz-Quotient (128) 22 129 1. Infinitives with zu 2. Verb-First Constructions a. Imperative b. Verb-first followed by wir 3. Review of Verb-First Constructions Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (134) 23 136 1. Extended-Adjective Construction 2. Recognizing Extended-Adjective Constructions 3. Translating the Extended-Adjective Construction Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (140) 24 1042 1. Other Types of Extended-Adjective Constructions a. Introduced by a preposition followed by another preposition b. Without limiting adjective c. Participle used as noun 2. Extended Adjective plus Unextended Adjectives Before the Noun 3. Several Extended Adjectives Preceding the Noun Reading: Bucbbesprecbung (145) 25 147 1. Extended-Adjective Construction Within an Extended-Adjective Construction 2. Zu plus Present Participle 3. Participial Phrases 4. 1st (war) plus zu plus Infinitive Reading: Stra8enbriicke aus Aluminium (150) xii CONTENTS Review 5: Die neuen Sechszylinder Der Arbeitsmann 152 26 155 1. 2. 3. 4. Wo(r)-Compounds Da(r)-Compounds Hier-Compounds Adverbs of Direction in Prepositional Phrases Reading: Verbesserter Holz-Feuerschutz (159) 27 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 161 Subjunctive Mood Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse Indirect Questions Reading: Die Alchemie (165) 28 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 166 The Subjunctive in Suppositions or Conditions Contrary to Fact Wenn-Clauses or Conclusion Clauses Standing Alone Als ob, als wenn Ob, wenn Omitted Special Uses of Subjunctives with Infinitive Stem a. Wishes and exhortations b. Formulas and directions c. Assumptions in scientific writing d. Common phrases Reading: Das Attentat zu Sarajewo (170) 29 172 1. Idiomatic Meanings of Subjunctive Modals 2. Prepositions Following Nouns or Pronouns 3. Lassen Reading: Buchbesprechung (175) 30 l. Es a. Es as a personal pronoun b. Indefinite es c. Introductory es, not the real subject 2. Clauses Without a Subject 176 CONTENTS xiii 3. Es in Idioms 4. Selbst, SeIber 5. Wenn auch, auch wenn Reading: Buchbesprechung (180) Review 6: Das Gericht der Tiere 182 PART 2 Readings Millionen Schafe verdanken ihr Futter einem Zufall 187 Ober die Grenzen der Schnelligkeit 191 Die Taubnessel 194 Gibt es eine Schlafnorm? 196 Das Leben am absoluten Nullpunkt 199 Atomkern unter der Lupe 202 Was waren wir ohne Wurst? 205 Ruhm und Elend eines Erfinderlebens 208 Charles Darwins Tat 212 Hikuli-der heilige Kaktus der Tarahumara 217 Das neue Bild der Vorgeschichte Nordamerikas 223 Vom Koibenmotor zorn Diisenaggregat 230 Albert Schweitzer: Kann das Friedensreich kommen? 237 Einbiirgerungsversuche mit Moschusochsen 239 APPENDIX Pronunciation Guide 245 Irregular Verbs 250 VOCABULARY 255 INDEX 271