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Grammar teaching in English lessons Ian Cushing • English teacher, Surbiton High School • UK Linguistics Olympiad Committee • Education Committee, Linguistics Association of Great Britain Why teach grammar? • • • To improve creative writing To improve analytical writing and reading To improve knowledge about language – both in L1 and L2 How to teach grammar? Teaching grammar in a contextualised way makes it more meaningful for students Increases their ability to (1) write creatively, (2) write analytically and (3) read analytically This approach makes students aware of a writer’s craft, thus making them more aware of their own craft You can teach somebody the names of parts of a bicycle but that doesn’t mean they will be able to tell you how the bicycle works You can teach somebody the names of parts of a language but that doesn’t mean they will be able to tell you how the language works Verb types in A Christmas Carol (Year 8; mid-high ability) Place these verbs into different groups. Give each group a title. PAINT STEP REPLY SEIZE WHISPER OBSERVE LOOK HINT SMILE LISTEN APPEAR WATCH BE CONSIDER WONDER DIG TALK GRAB READ ALLOW BECOME FALL KISS HAVE What groups did you come up with and why? Actions (a ‘doer’ and something that is ‘done to’) Thoughts/feelings/behaviours (someone who senses /feels/behaves) Speech (a way of talking / listening) And then: Getting students to spot the semantic and grammatical relations between words rain < > pelt sun < > burn wind < > blow What is required to teach grammar? Are English teachers sufficiently trained? Grammar on the National Curriculum 2014 (KS3) Pupils should be taught to consolidate and build on their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary through: • studying the effectiveness and impact of the grammatical features of the texts they read • drawing on new vocabulary and grammatical constructions from their reading and listening, and using these consciously in their writing and speech to achieve particular effects • knowing and understanding the differences between spoken and written language, including differences associated with formal and informal registers, and between Standard English and other varieties of English • using Standard English confidently in their own writing and speech • discussing reading, writing and spoken language with precise and confident use of linguistic and literary terminology KS3 Glossary: intended as an aid for teachers, not as the body of knowledge that should be learnt by pupils Active voice Adjective Adverb Adverbial Antonym Apostrophe Article Auxiliary verb Clause Cohesion Cohesive device Complement Compound Conjunction Consonant Co-ordination Determiner Digraph Ellipsis Etymology Finite verb Past tense Fronting Perfect Future Phoneme Grapheme Phrase Grapheme – phoneme Plural correspondences Possessive Head Prefix Homophone Preposition Infinitive Present tense Inflection Progressive Intransitive verb Pronoun Main clause Punctuation Modal verb RP Modifier Register Morphology Relative clause Noun Root Noun phrase Schwa Object Sentence Participle Standard English Passive Stress Subject Subjunctive Subordinate Suffix Syllable Synonym Tense Transitive Trigraph Verb Vowel Word Word class Word family Challenges and restrictions to a cross-curricular approach • Getting English and MFL teachers to talk to each other • Teacher willingness • Support from management • Time Thanks for listening – sorry I can’t answer any questions! [email protected]