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Edith Hamilton’s Mythology Chapter 2 The Two Great Gods of Earth Chapter 3 How the World and Mankind Were Created Chapter 4 The Earliest Heroes The student will learn about the two great gods of Earth, Dionysus and Demeter. The student will learn about how the Earth was created, according to Greek Mythology, including Typhon, Prometheus, and Pandora. The student will learn about key Greek heroes and other mythical stories, including Prometheus, Io, Odysseus, Europa, Echo, and Adonis YouTube History Channel Greek Gods and Goddesses part 4 Demeter • • • • • • Roman name: Ceres Sister of Zeus Mother of Persephone goddess of. . . -. . .earth (soil) -. . .grain Dionysus • Roman name: Bacchus • Son of Zeus • god of. . . • -. . .vines • -. . .wine • -. . .fertility Dionysus: son of Zeus and Theban princess. Only god whose parents not both divine. He is accompanied by a group of women dancing and singing. Greeks hold a spring festival for five days (no work. It would include contests, plays Dionysus died every year with cold, but resurrected every year as well. YouTube Dionysus Dionysus United Streaming Typhon: is the final son of Gaia, fathered by Tartarus, and is the god of wind. Typhon attempts to replace Zeus darting his lightning at Typhon, Chalcidian black-figured hydria, ca. 550 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 596) Zeus as the king of gods and men. Typhon was described as the largest and most grotesque of all creatures that have ever lived, having a hundred serpent heads. He was defeated by Zeus who trapped Typhon underneath Mount Etna. Ch. 4: Prometheus: One account has him creating man for the gods. His brother Epimetheus (“after thought”) gave animals the best qualities. So Prometheus went to the heavens and brought (stole) fire down to man as protection. Zeus angry so he chained him to a rock Prometheus knew who would give Zeus a son that would dethrone him. Prometheus would not tell Zeus. Zeus later forgave him. Symbol of rebellion against injustice. One of the Titans. He stole fire from the gods and gave it to mankind, and was severely punished for it. In punishment, Zeus commanded that Prometheus be chained for eternity in the Caucasus. There, an eagle (or, according to other sources, a vulture) would eat his liver, and each day the liver would be renewed. READ P. 72-75 Then YOUTUBE Prometheus Pandora: 1st woman Zeus created after man was made; a “beautiful disaster.” Gods gave her a box into which each put something harmful and told her not to open it. She did and out came plagues, sorrows, and mischief for man. Hope came out too as man’s only comfort. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to create her as part of the punishment of mankind for Prometheus' theft of the secret of fire, and all the gods joined in offering her seductive gifts Pandora United Streaming Io: lovely maid Zeus desired. Hera spotted her wrapped in a cloud, so Zeus changed her into a cow. Hera asked for her and then got Argus (100 eyes) to guard her. Zeus sent Hermes to kill Argus, who bored him to sleep with a story and then killed Argus. Hera took his eyes and put them on the peackock’s tail. Then forced Io to wander the earth without rest, plagued by a gadfly. When she reached the Nile, Zeus changed her back, and she bore him a son from whom came Hercules. Read 78-81 then . . . YOUTUBE Io Io Received by Isis At Canopus Pompeii, Temple of Isis, 1st century BC Io was a lover of Zeus, who changed her into a heifer to protect her from the anger of his wife Hera. In the later Roman cult, Io was identified with the Egyptian goddess Isis. Europa: Aphrodite caused Zeus to fall in love with her. He changed himself into a bull and rode her over the ocean to Crete, where he would keep her and have sons (Minos). Read 81-85 Cyclopes: Brontes, Steropes, and Arges (the three descended from Gaia and Uranus) were the inventive blacksmiths of the Olympian gods. They were skilled metal workers and created Zeus' thunderbolts, Poseidon's trident, and Hades' Helmet of Darkness that was later used by Perseus while on his quest to decapitate Medusa. However, they spent the majority of their early existence imprisoned. With the assistance of the Cyclopes and their thunderbolts, Zeus overthrew Cronus and the Titans and became ruler of the cosmos. He was grateful for the Cyclopes' help and allowed them to stay in Olympus as his armorers and helpers to Hephaestus, god of smiths. Polyphemus: The cyclop who ate some of Odysseus’ men. Odysseus and his men blinded Polyphemus and escaped from his island. (Read 85-89) Odysseus and his men blinding the cyclops Polyphemus (detail of a protoattic amphora, c. 650 BC, museum of Eleusis) Polyphemus United Streaming Echo: nymph of woods. Hera was jealously searching for one of Zeus’ lovers and was diverted by Echo’s chatter. The nymph ran away. Hera said Echo could forever after only repeat what was said to her. She fell in love with the beautiful youth Narcissus. He rejected her and was punished by falling in love with his own reflection. He was trapped by the sight of his own beauty and died. Yellow narcissus flowers grew where he died and Waterhouse has included these in the painting. Narcissus: Beautiful lad whom all the nymphs and maidens loved. He scorned all love, and as he looked at his reflection, the goddess Nemesis caused him to fall in love with himself. He pined away by the pool and died. A flower sprung up there. 'Echo and Narcissus' 1903 John William Waterhouse (1849 - 1917) Oil on canvas, 109.2 x 189.2cmRead P. 91 (2nd paragraph) to p. 92 Youtube Narcissus and Echo part 1 YouTube Nacissus and Echo part 2 Adonis: Aphrodite fell in love with him and carried him to Persephone to keep for her. Persephone fell in love with him and would not give him back. Zeus decided Adonis would spend fall and winter with Persephone and spring and summer with Aphrodite. One day a wild boar killed him, and as he died in Aphrodite’s arms, a crimson flower sprang up from his blood. P. 94-95 Adonis anemone Youtube History Channel Greek Gods and Goddesses part 5