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Edith Hamilton’s Mythology
Chapter 2 The Two Great Gods of Earth
Chapter 3 How the World and Mankind Were
Created
Chapter 4 The Earliest Heroes
The student will learn about the two great gods of Earth, Dionysus and
Demeter.
The student will learn about how the Earth was created, according to
Greek Mythology, including Typhon, Prometheus, and Pandora.
The student will learn about key Greek heroes and other mythical stories,
including Prometheus, Io, Odysseus, Europa, Echo, and Adonis
YouTube History Channel Greek Gods and
Goddesses part 4
Demeter
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Roman name: Ceres
Sister of Zeus
Mother of Persephone
goddess of. . .
-. . .earth (soil)
-. . .grain
Dionysus
• Roman name: Bacchus
• Son of Zeus
• god of. . .
• -. . .vines
• -. . .wine
• -. . .fertility
Dionysus: son of Zeus and Theban princess. Only
god whose parents not both divine. He is
accompanied by a group of women dancing and
singing.
Greeks hold a spring festival for five days (no
work. It would include contests, plays
Dionysus died every year with cold, but resurrected
every year as well.
YouTube Dionysus
Dionysus United Streaming
Typhon: is the final son of Gaia, fathered by Tartarus,
and is the god of wind. Typhon attempts to replace
Zeus darting his lightning at Typhon, Chalcidian black-figured hydria, ca. 550 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 596)
Zeus as the king of gods and men. Typhon was
described as the largest and most grotesque of all
creatures that have ever lived, having a hundred
serpent heads. He was defeated by Zeus who trapped
Typhon underneath Mount Etna.
Ch. 4: Prometheus: One account has him
creating man for the gods. His brother
Epimetheus (“after thought”) gave animals the
best qualities. So Prometheus went to the
heavens and brought (stole) fire down to man
as protection.
Zeus angry so he chained him to a rock
Prometheus knew who would give Zeus a son
that would dethrone him. Prometheus would
not tell Zeus. Zeus later forgave him.
Symbol of rebellion against injustice.
One of the Titans. He stole fire from the gods and gave it to mankind,
and was severely punished for it.
In punishment, Zeus commanded that Prometheus be chained for
eternity in the Caucasus. There, an eagle (or, according to other sources,
a vulture) would eat his liver, and each day the liver would be renewed.
READ P. 72-75
Then
YOUTUBE Prometheus
Pandora: 1st woman Zeus created after man was
made; a “beautiful disaster.” Gods gave her a box
into which each put something harmful and told her
not to open it. She did and out came plagues,
sorrows, and mischief for man. Hope came out too as
man’s only comfort.
Zeus ordered Hephaestus to create her as part of the punishment of
mankind for Prometheus' theft of the secret of fire, and all the gods
joined in offering her seductive gifts
Pandora United Streaming
Io: lovely maid Zeus desired. Hera spotted her
wrapped in a cloud, so Zeus changed her into a cow.
Hera asked for her and then got Argus (100 eyes) to
guard her. Zeus sent Hermes to kill Argus, who bored
him to sleep with a story and then killed Argus. Hera
took his eyes and put them on the peackock’s tail.
Then forced Io to wander the earth without rest,
plagued by a gadfly. When she reached the Nile, Zeus
changed her back, and she bore him a son from whom
came Hercules. Read
78-81 then . . .
YOUTUBE Io
Io Received by Isis At Canopus
Pompeii, Temple of Isis, 1st century BC
Io was a lover of Zeus, who changed her into a heifer to protect her from the anger of his wife
Hera. In the later Roman cult, Io was identified with the Egyptian goddess Isis.
Europa: Aphrodite caused Zeus to fall in love with
her. He changed himself into a bull and rode her over
the ocean to Crete, where he would keep her and have
sons (Minos). Read 81-85
Cyclopes: Brontes, Steropes, and Arges (the three descended from
Gaia and Uranus) were the inventive blacksmiths of the Olympian gods.
They were skilled metal workers and created Zeus'
thunderbolts, Poseidon's trident, and Hades' Helmet of
Darkness that was later used by Perseus while on his quest to
decapitate Medusa. However, they spent the majority of their early
existence imprisoned. With the assistance of the Cyclopes and their
thunderbolts, Zeus overthrew Cronus and the Titans and became ruler of
the cosmos. He was grateful for the Cyclopes' help and allowed them to
stay in Olympus as his armorers and helpers to Hephaestus, god of
smiths.
Polyphemus: The cyclop who ate some of Odysseus’
men. Odysseus and his men blinded Polyphemus and
escaped from his island. (Read 85-89)
Odysseus and his men blinding the
cyclops Polyphemus (detail of a protoattic amphora, c. 650 BC, museum of
Eleusis)
Polyphemus United Streaming
Echo: nymph of woods. Hera was jealously searching
for one of Zeus’ lovers and was diverted by Echo’s
chatter. The nymph ran away. Hera said Echo could
forever after only repeat what was said to her. She fell
in love with the beautiful youth Narcissus. He rejected her and
was punished by falling in love with his own reflection. He
was trapped by the sight of his own beauty and died. Yellow
narcissus flowers grew where he died and Waterhouse has
included these in the painting.
Narcissus: Beautiful lad whom all the nymphs and
maidens loved. He scorned all love, and as he looked
at his reflection, the goddess Nemesis caused him to
fall in love with himself. He pined away by the pool
and died. A flower sprung up there.
'Echo and Narcissus' 1903 John William Waterhouse (1849 - 1917)
Oil on canvas, 109.2 x 189.2cmRead P. 91 (2nd paragraph) to p. 92
Youtube Narcissus and Echo part 1
YouTube Nacissus and Echo part 2
Adonis: Aphrodite fell in love with him and carried
him to Persephone to keep for her. Persephone fell in
love with him and would not give him back. Zeus
decided Adonis would spend fall and winter with
Persephone and spring and summer with Aphrodite.
One day a wild boar killed him, and as he died in
Aphrodite’s arms, a crimson flower sprang up from
his blood.
P. 94-95
Adonis
anemone
Youtube History Channel Greek Gods and Goddesses part 5