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Volume 1 Volume 1 2.8 1 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. A. Definition of an Operating System the system program that runs a computer system B. Functions of an Operating System (1) Providing a User Interface allow users to interact with the computer system User Application Application program program User interface Operating system Hardware Application programming interface Volume 1 2.8 2 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Types of Interface: (a) Character-based User Interface (CUI) the user has to enter commands through the keyboard C:\>C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\MSCDEX.EXE /D;MSCD000 /M:4 /S MSCDEX VERSION 2.25 Copyright (c) Microsoft corp. 19861995. All rights reserved. Drive D: Driver MSCD000 unit 0 Cd:\C: C:\> C:\WINDOWS>exit Volume 1 2.8 3 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (b) Graphical User Interface (GUI) user has to click on icons, buttons and menus through the mouse Volume 1 2.8 4 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (2) Scheduling Jobs control the order and time in which programs are run (3) Managing Multitasking can keep several application programs open at the same time Volume 1 2.8 5 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (4) Manipulating Data keep track of the data on the hard disk or secondary storage devices An application program Call the OS needs to read or write data. The file system of the OS then accesses the physical location on the disk. Return data Volume 1 2.8 6 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (5) Allocating Computing Resources control peripheral devices by sending them commands (6) Providing Security can provide password protection to keep unauthorized users out of the computer system Volume 1 2.8 7 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. C. Common Operating Systems (1) Microsoft Windows (a) Windows 95 a 32-bit operating system allow long file name support Plug-and-Play (PnP) Volume 1 2.8 8 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (b) Windows 98 an upgrade of Windows 95 support Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Digital Versatile/Video Discs (DVDs) Volume 1 2.8 9 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (c) Windows Me (Millennium edition) an upgrade of Windows 98 Area New features System stability and error System restoration and file system protection. correction Multimedia working Home networking Online experience Volume 1 2.8 All sorts of neat little tools for creating, managing, storing and sharing music, digital photos and movie clips. Tools for setting up a mini home network through a few steps. Major improvements in surfing communicating across the Internet. 10 and Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (d) Windows NT (New Technology) built on the Windows NT kernel give much better system stability, security and performance There are two versions: (i)Windows NT Workstation (ii)Windows NT Server Volume 1 2.8 11 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (e) Windows 2000 a major upgrade from Windows NT 4 more stable than Windows NT uses Active Directory system, which is a major redesign of the directory structure for companies There are four versions: (i) Windows 2000 Professional (ii) Windows 2000 Server (iii) Windows 2000 Advanced Server (iv) Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Volume 1 2.8 12 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (f) Windows XP (eXPerience) an upgraded client version of Windows 2000 allow different family members to use their own desktops and personal sets of files There are two versions: (i) Home Edition version (ii)Professional version Volume 1 2.8 13 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics) based on the Windows operating system a 32-bit multitasking and multithreading operating system Volume 1 2.8 14 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (2) Unix widely used as the master control program in workstations and especially servers probability, low price and excellent performance a popular choice among governments, academic institutions and companies Volume 1 2.8 15 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (3) Linux provides Unix-like operation, stability and security it can be downloaded from the Internet for free suitable for all size of business Volume 1 2.8 16 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (4) Mac OS an operating system computers from Apple for Macintosh with powerful features such as protected memory, preemptive multitasking, advanced memory management and the SMP Volume 1 2.8 17 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (5) OS/2 an operating system for Intel machines from Microsoft and IBM Dual boot feature:boot either OS/2 or DOS There are two version: OS/2 Warp Client, OS/2 Warp Server x86 Advantages: (i) Strong on the connectivity and the provision of robust virtual machines. (ii) Strong in the banking industry. Volume 1 2.8 18 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (6) BeOS an operating system developed by Be (7) EPOC a 32-bit operating system for Psion handheld devices from Symbian (8) Palm OS an operating system for Palm handheld devices from Palm Volume 1 2.8 19 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. E. Cross-platform Issues some operating systems support cross-platform computing allow software or hardware to run identically on different platforms people can exchange information between different types of operating systems and computer models Volume 1 2.8 20 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating Systems (1) Multi-user Modes support two or more simultaneous computer users (2) Multitasking Modes can execute two or more programs in a single CPU simultaneously Volume 1 2.8 21 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. (3) Batch Processing Modes execute a queue of non-interactive jobs and return the results all at one time (4) Real Time Processing Modes respond to input data and transactions immediately (5) Interactive Processing Modes communicate with the computer users interactively Volume 1 2.8 22 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. State two common operating systems for home users and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Volume 1 2.8 23 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Back Volume 1 2.8 24 Excellence Publication Co. Ltd.