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A. Definition of an Operating System

the system program that runs a
computer system
B. Functions of an Operating System
(1) Providing a User Interface

allow users to interact with the computer system
User
Application Application
program
program
User interface
Operating system
Hardware
Application programming interface
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Types of Interface:
(a) Character-based User Interface (CUI)
the user has to enter commands through
the keyboard
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(b) Graphical User Interface (GUI)
user has to click on icons, buttons and
menus through the mouse
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(2) Scheduling Jobs

control the order
and time in which
programs are run
(3) Managing Multitasking
can keep several
application programs
open at the same time

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(4) Manipulating Data

keep track of the data on the hard disk or
secondary storage devices
An application program
Call the OS
needs to read or
write data.
The file system of the
OS then accesses
the physical location
on the disk.
Return data
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(5) Allocating Computing Resources

control peripheral devices by sending
them commands
(6) Providing Security

can provide password
protection to keep
unauthorized users out
of the computer system
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C. Common Operating Systems
(1) Microsoft Windows
(a) Windows 95
 a 32-bit operating system
 allow long file name
 support Plug-and-Play (PnP)
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(b) Windows 98
 an upgrade of Windows 95

support Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface (ACPI), Universal
Serial Bus (USB) and Digital
Versatile/Video Discs (DVDs)
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(c) Windows Me
(Millennium edition)

an upgrade of Windows 98
Area
New features
System stability and error System restoration and file system protection.
correction
Multimedia working
Home networking
Online experience
Volume 1 2.8
All sorts of neat little tools for creating,
managing, storing and sharing music, digital
photos and movie clips.
Tools for setting up a mini home network
through a few steps.
Major improvements in surfing
communicating across the Internet.
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(d) Windows NT (New Technology)
 built on the Windows NT kernel

give much better system stability, security
and performance

There are two versions:
(i)Windows NT Workstation
(ii)Windows NT Server
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(e) Windows 2000
 a major upgrade from Windows NT 4
 more stable than Windows NT
 uses Active Directory system, which is a
major redesign of the directory structure
for companies

There are four versions:
(i) Windows 2000 Professional
(ii) Windows 2000 Server
(iii) Windows 2000 Advanced Server
(iv) Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
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(f) Windows XP (eXPerience)



an upgraded client version of Windows 2000
allow different family
members to use their
own
desktops
and
personal sets of files
There are two versions:
(i) Home Edition version
(ii)Professional version
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(g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics)

based on the Windows operating system

a 32-bit multitasking and multithreading
operating system
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(2) Unix

widely used as the master control program
in workstations and especially servers

probability, low price and
excellent performance

a popular choice among governments,
academic institutions and companies
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(3) Linux

provides Unix-like operation, stability and
security

it can be downloaded
from the Internet for
free

suitable for all size of
business
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(4) Mac OS


an operating system
computers from Apple
for
Macintosh
with powerful features
such
as
protected
memory, preemptive
multitasking, advanced
memory management
and the SMP
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(5) OS/2

an operating system for Intel
machines from Microsoft and IBM

Dual boot feature:boot either OS/2 or DOS

There are two version:
OS/2 Warp Client, OS/2 Warp Server

x86
Advantages:
(i) Strong on the connectivity and the provision
of robust virtual machines.
(ii) Strong in the banking industry.
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(6) BeOS

an operating system developed by Be
(7) EPOC

a 32-bit operating system for Psion
handheld devices from Symbian
(8) Palm OS

an operating system for Palm handheld
devices from Palm
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E. Cross-platform Issues

some operating systems support cross-platform
computing

allow software or hardware to run identically
on different platforms

people can exchange information between
different types of operating systems and
computer models
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F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating
Systems
(1) Multi-user Modes

support two or more simultaneous computer
users
(2) Multitasking Modes

can execute two or more programs in a single
CPU simultaneously
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(3) Batch Processing Modes

execute a queue of non-interactive jobs
and return the results all at one time
(4) Real Time Processing Modes

respond to input data and transactions
immediately
(5) Interactive Processing Modes

communicate with the computer users
interactively
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State two common operating
systems for home users and
compare their advantages and
disadvantages.
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Back
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