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Transcript
CS 497C – Introduction to UNIX Lecture 1: Getting Started Chin-Chih Chang [email protected] Objective and Preface • This course is to learn the fundamentals of UNIX. This course introduces the concept of UNIX operating system and the essential commands of UNIX . • UNIX was never designed for the world. There is a method to this madness. • Many Internet applications are powered by UNIX. The Operating System • An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as “OS”) is a program that functions as a virtual machine (layer of software on top of bare hardware) and a resource manager (software that controls access to computer). • It interacts with two agencies: applications and a command language interpreter. • DOS, Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX are examples of the operating system. The UNIX Operating System • UNIX (sometimes spelled “Unix”) is an operating system that originated at Bell Labs in 1969. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie are considered the inventors of UNIX. • UNIX has evolved as a kind of large freeware product, with many extensions and new ideas provided in a variety of versions of UNIX by different companies, universities, and individuals. Knowing Your Machine • Unlike Windows, UNIX can be used by several users concurrently. • You can access to such a multiuser system through a terminal or a workstation. • A terminal consists of a monitor and a keyboard. • A workstation has its own CPU, memory, and hard disk. Knowing Your Keyboard • Every key on your computer has a function in UNIX. • Each character has its ASCII value. • [Enter] / [Return] is used to terminate a line. • [Backspace] corrects typing mistakes. • [Ctrl] is used in combination with other keys to produce control characters. • [Alt] combinations are used in emacs. The System Administrator • A system administrator is in charge of administration of the system. • The system administrator is responsible for: – – – – – – the entire setup, user accounts allocation, file systems maintenance, backups, disk space management, other assignments. • The administrator has a special user account; it is called root. Logging In and Out • Logging In login: remeo [Enter] password: Last login: Mon Aug 20 22:11:17 on tty2 $ • The shell produces the prompt and accepts all your input from the keyboard. • Logging Out $ [Ctrl-d] $logout[Enter] $exit[Enter] login: Trying Out Some Commands • • • • • • • passwd: changing your own password who: who are the users? who am i tty: know your terminal name echo $SHELL: know your shell echo $TERM: know your terminal type set: know your envirnoment Two Important Observations • UNIX commands are in lowercase • The [Enter] key When Things Go Wrong • Backspacing doesn’t work – [Ctrl-h], [Del] • A command has to be interrupted – [Ctrl-d], [Ctrl-c] [Delete] • Killing a line – [Ctrl-u] • Other Problems – Suspend a job – [Ctrl-z], resume a job – fg – Stop scrolling – [Ctrl-s], resume scrolling [Ctrl-q] – Restore a terminal – stty sane – [Enter] – [Ctrl-j] or [Ctrl-m] – Close the program - q, quit, exit, or [Ctrl-d] What’s Next • • • • • More commands How It All Clicked Linux and GNU Inside UNIX Read Chapter 1.