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Virtualization
Definisi Virtualisasi
• Virtualization berasal dari kata Virtual atau Maya
yang menerangkan sebuah teknik menciptakan
sesuatu yang maya dari sesuatu yang konkrit.
• Teknik ini telah diterapkan sejak jaman
mainframe dan dan terus terus berkembang
berkembang sampai sampai diterapkan
diterapkan pada pada cloud cloud computing
sebagai satu feature yang sangat penting.
• Walaupun tentunya penerapan teknik virtualisasi
ini berbeda.
Sejarah Virtualisasi
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•
•
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Pada jaman mainframe computing atau “Host-Terminal” system, teknik
virtualisasi ini sudah diterapkan pada sistem memory. Dengan teknik ini
jumlah memory seakan disulap menjadi berlipat ganda dari jumlah memory
secara fisik yang sesungguhnya.
Bayangkan saja sistem PDP-11 sebuah minicomputer yang hanya
mempunyai memory sebesar 64 KB memory saja bisa dirubah sehingga
mempunyai kemampuan untuk melayani puluhan users. Coba bandingkan
saja saja dengan dengan komputer komputer PCPC yang yang umum
umum kita kita pakai pakai,, memorynya memorynya saja saja sudah sudah
22 GB tetapi hanya melayani 1 user saja.
Prinsip cukup sederhana, dengan bantuan hard disk dan kenyataan bahwa
eksekusi setiap program dari user adalah satu instruksi setiap saatnya,
maka hanya sebagian program saja yang diangkut ke memory pada setiap
saat dan sisanya mendekam di harddisk yang baru diangkut ke memory
sampai dibutuhkan atau eksekusi program tersebut tiba pada instruksi yang
dikandungnya.
Prinsip manfaat yang kita peroleh dari teknik virtualisasi ini adalah
meningkatnya kemampuan jumlah user yang bisa dilayani secara
bersamaan
Sejarah Virtualisasi …
• Lalu berkembang sebuah teknik irtualisasi yang mensimulasi
sebuah hardware atau PC secara software misalnya Virtual PC.
• Virtual PC ini berfungsi sama persis seperti sebuah komputer
lengkap dengan operating systemnya dan siap dipergunakan user
sebagaimana sebuah PC beneran layaknya.
• Untuk mempergunakan virtual pc ini maka user harus menjalankan
software cpc yang yang telah telah diciptakannya itu karena karena
virtual pc ini hanyalah merupakan sebuah file saja. Jadi dengan
mempergunakan sebuah PC kita bisa menciptakan virtual pc
bermacam-macam seolah kita mempunyai beberapa PC dalm arti
sesungguhnya.
• Salah satu tujuan penggunaannya adalah untuk testing software
sehingga apabila ada terjadi masalah atau virus sekalipun maka PC
benerannya tidak akan kena imbasnya karena segala yang terjadi
hanya di dalam virtual pc itu sendiri.
• Penanggulangannya semudah menghapus sebuah file dan
menciptakan virtual pc yang baru.
Manfaat Virtualisasi
•
•
•
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Tujuan lain dari virtualisasi adalah untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan
sebuah fasilitas infrastructure seperti processor, network, dan
communication channel.
Tanpa disadari bahwa processor lebih banyak nganggurnya daripada sibuk
bekerja.
Pada waktu anda melakukan pekerjaan mengetik dengan Microsoft word
sebenarnya processor tidaklah begitu banyak dipergunakan. Apalagi kalau
kita bicara printer tentunya tidak mungkin atau jarang kita melakukan
printing dengan printer itu. Jadi lebih banyak nganggurnya daripada dipakai.
Kenyataan inilah yang menyadarkan dunia bisnis untuk mengirit biaya,
misalnya biaya biaya media media telekomunikasi telekomunikasi..
Seandainya Seandainya dulu dulu menyediakan menyediakan 11 jalur jalur
untuk untuk 11 departemen, sekarang tidak lagi tetapi mungkin cukup
hanya 2 jalur dan dishare dengan teknik virtualisasi oleh semua
departemen. Hebatnya teknik virtualisasi ini adalah bahwa pihak user tidak
mengetahui kenyataan ini dan merasa atau mengetahui bahwa mereka
memiliki 1 jalur sendiri yang tidak dipakai bersama2 dengan pihak lainnya.
Manfaat Virtualisasi …
• Bisa meningkatkan UTILITY atau pemanfaatan infrastructure
mencapai 100% atau semaksimalnya.
• Bisa menciptakan imunisasi atau security dimana 1 user tidak bisa
mengganggu atau merusak user lainnya karena mereka masing
masing terselubung dalam 1 virtual machine.
• Bisa memberikan elastisitas atau ketidakterbatasan infrastructure
kepada setiap user.
• Bisa menciptakan virtual machine atau virtual desktop yang sesuai
dengan spesifikasi prosesor, memory, harddisk, dsb yang
dibutuhkan oleh user.
• Sehingga user cukup pakai sebuah IPAD saja untuk
mengoperasikan sebuah virtual super desktop atau komputer
secanggih apapun karena semua proses dilakukan di cloud
host/server dan IPAD itu hanya berfungsi sebagai kepanjangan
monitor dan keyboard saja.
Key Properties of Virtual Machines
•Partitioning
7

Run multiple operating systems on one
physical machine

Divide system resources between virtual
machines
Key Properties of Virtual Machines
•Partitioning

Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine

Divide system resources between virtual machines
•Isolation
8

Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

Advanced resource controls preserve
performance
Key Properties of Virtual Machines
•Partitioning

Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine

Divide system resources between virtual machines
•Isolation

Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

Advanced resource controls preserve performance
•Encapsulation
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
Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to
files

Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving
and copying files
Key Properties of Virtual Machines
•Partitioning

Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine

Divide system resources between virtual machines
•Isolation

Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

Advanced resource controls preserve performance
•Encapsulation

Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files

Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files
•Hardware-Independence

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Provision or migrate any virtual machine to any similar
or different physical server
Software virtualization Technology Platform
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Emulation
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Instruction-set/pure emulation : 8086 emulator on IA-32
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OS-API emulation : wine
Hosted virtualization
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Para-virtualization
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VMWare ESX server, User Mode Linux
Xen, Denali
Container based virtualization
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Linux Vserver, Solaris Zones, BSD Jails, FreeVPs, OpenVz
Emulation or simulation
• the virtual machine simulates the complete
hardware, allowing an unmodified "guest" OS for
a completely different CPU to be run. This
approach has long been used to enable the
creation of software for new processors before
they were physically available. Examples include
Bochs, PearPC, PPC version of Virtual PC,
QEMU without acceleration, and the Hercules
emulator. Emulation is implemented using a
variety of techniques, from state machines to the
use of dynamic recompilation on a full
virtualization platform.
Hosted Virtualization
• form of full virtualization where
the hypervisor runs on top of a host OS
Paravirtualization
• the virtual machine does not necessarily
simulate hardware, but instead (or in
addition) offers a special API that can only
be used by modifying the "guest" OS. This
system call to the hypervisor is called a
"hypercall" in Xen, Parallels Workstation
and Enomalism; it is implemented via a
DIAG ("diagnose") hardware instruction in
IBM's CMS under VM (which was the
origin of the term hypervisor).
• Examples include VMware ESX Server, Win4Lin
9x, and z/VM.
Platform Virtualization
Para-virtualization (Type 1)
Hosted-virtualization (Type 2)
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/eserver/v1r2/index.jsp?topic=/eicaz/eicazisys.htm
Hypervisor
• Hypervisors are currently classified in two types:
– Type 1 hypervisor (or Type 1 virtual machine monitor) is
software that runs directly on a given hardware platform (as an
operating system control program). A "guest" operating system
thus runs at the second level above the hardware.
• The classic type 1 hypervisor was CP/CMS, developed at IBM in the
1960s, ancestor of IBM's current z/VM. More recent examples are
Xen, VMware's ESX Server, and Sun's Hypervisor (released in
2005).
– Type 2 hypervisor (or Type 2 virtual machine monitor) is
software that runs within an operating system environment. A
"guest" operating system thus runs at the third level above the
hardware.
• Examples include VMware server and Microsoft Virtual Server.
• This is the preferred technology for running Linux
servers as it is the fastest approach. OpenVZ is
container-based virtualization for Linux. OpenVZ creates
multiple secure, isolated containers (otherwise known as
CT, VEs or VPSs). Each container performs and
executes exactly like a stand-alone server; a container
can be rebooted independently and have root access,
users, IP addresses, memory, processes, files,
applications, system libraries and configuration files.
Resource Virtualization
• The basic concept of platform
virtualization, was later extended to the
virtualization of specific system resources,
such as storage volumes, name spaces,
and network resources.
Resource Virtualization
• Resource aggregation, spanning, or concatenation
combines individual components into larger resources or
resource pools. For example:
– RAID and volume managers combine many disks into one large
logical disk.
– Storage Virtualization refers to the process of completely
abstracting logical storage from physical storage, and is
commonly used in SANs. The physical storage resources are
aggregated into storage pools, from which the logical storage is
created. Multiple independent storage devices, which may be
scattered over a network, appear to the user as a single,
location-independent, monolithic storage device, which can be
managed centrally.
– Channel bonding and network equipment use multiple links
combined to work as though they offered a single, higherbandwidth link.
– Virtual Private Network (VPN), Network Address Translation
(NAT), and similar networking technologies create a virtualized
network namespace within or across network subnets.
– Multiprocessor and multi-core computer systems often present
what appears as a single, fast processor.
Resource Virtualization
• Computer clusters, grid computing, and virtual servers
use the above techniques to combine multiple discrete
computers into larger metacomputers.
• Partitioning is the splitting of a single resource (usually
large), such as disk space or network bandwidth, into a
number of smaller, more easily utilized resources of the
same type. This is sometimes also called "zoning,"
especially in storage networks.
• Encapsulation is the hiding of resource complexity by the
creation of a simplified interface. For example, CPUs
often incorporate cache memory or pipelines to improve
performance, but these elements are not reflected in
their virtualized external interface. Similar virtualized
interfaces hiding complex implementations are found in
disk drives, modems, routers, and many other "smart"
devices.
Linux-related virtualization projects
Project
Type
License
Bochs
Emulation
LGPL
QEMU
Emulation
LGPL/GPL
VMware
Full virtualization
Proprietary
z/VM
Full virtualization
Proprietary
Xen
Paravirtualization
GPL
UML
Paravirtualization
GPL
Linux-VServer
Operating systemlevel virtualization
GPL
OpenVZ
Operating systemlevel virtualization
GPL
Virtualization Examples
• Server consolidation - Virtual machines
are used to consolidate many physical
servers into fewer servers, which in turn
host virtual machines. Each physical
server is reflected as a virtual machine
"guest" residing on a virtual machine host
system. This is also known as Physical-toVirtual or 'P2V' transformation.
Virtualization Examples
• Disaster recovery - Virtual machines can
be used as "hot standby" environments for
physical production servers. This changes
the classical "backup-and-restore"
philosophy, by providing backup images
that can "boot" into live virtual machines,
capable of taking over workload for a
production server experiencing an outage.
Virtualization Examples
• Testing and training - Hardware
virtualization can give root access to a
virtual machine. This can be very useful
such as in kernel development and
operating system courses.
Virtualization Examples
• Portable applications - The Microsoft Windows platform
has a well-known issue involving the creation of portable
applications, needed (for example) when running an
application from a removable drive, without installing it
on the system's main disk drive. This is a particular issue
with USB drives. Virtualization can be used to
encapsulate the application with a redirection layer that
stores temporary files, Windows Registry entries, and
other state information in the application's installation
directory – and not within the system's permanent file
system. See portable applications for further details. It is
unclear whether such implementations are currently
available.
Virtualization Examples
• Portable workspaces - Recent technologies have used
virtualization to create portable workspaces on devices
like iPods and USB memory sticks. These products
include:
– Application Level – Thinstall – which is a driver-less solution for
running "Thinstalled" applications directly from removable
storage without system changes or needing Admin rights
– OS-level – MojoPac, Ceedo, and U3 – which allows end users to
install some applications onto a storage device for use on
another PC.
– Machine-level – moka5 and LivePC – which delivers an
operating system with a full software suite, including isolation
and security protections.
VMware VMotion
73% of VMware customers have implemented VMotion in production
• Live migration of virtual
machines
• Zero downtime
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VMware DRS
67% of VMware customers use DRS in production
Business Demand
• Dynamic and intelligent
allocation of hardware
resources
• Ensure optimal alignment
between business and IT
Resource Pool
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Ensure High availability with VMware HA
• VMware HA automatically restarts
virtual machines when a physical
server fails
X
Resource Pool
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Distributed Power Management
Minimize power consumption while guaranteeing service levels
Business Demand
Places unneeded
servers in standby mode
Power Off
Resource Pool
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Consolidates workloads
onto fewer servers when
the cluster needs fewer
resources
Brings servers back
online as workload
needs increase
VirtualCenter Components
ƒ
VirtualCenter Management Server – Minimum one
management server license required to manage
individual ESX Server instances – Analogous to IBM
Director server
ESX Server
VirtualCenter Agent
SMP
VMotion
VirtualCenter
Consoles
VirtualCenter
Management
Server
VirtualCenter VMotion – required on every ESX Server
instance on which VMotion is intended to be used
ƒ Requires VC Agent License
 VirtualCenter Agent – this is the management agent required for every ESX Server
instance being managed by VirtualCenter – Analogous to IBM Director agent
ƒ
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VirtualCenter Capabilities
1
Virtual Machine
and Server
Management
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2
Provisioning
Programmatic
Interfaces
Centralized
Management
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3
Security and
Access Control
What's
32 new
Migration
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4
System
Monitoring
Resource
Management
Introducing VMware Site
Recovery
Manager
Site Recovery Manager
leverages VMware
Infrastructure to transform
disaster recovery
– Simplifies and
automates disaster
recovery workflows:
• Setup, testing, failover, failback
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– Provides central
management of
recovery plans from
VirtualCenter
– Turns manual
recovery processes
into automated
Replication with VMware: ArrayBased Replication DR SITE
PRIMARY
Site
Failure
WAN or
Dark
Fiber
Array-Based Replication
(SRDF, SnapMirror, etc.)
Target
VMFS
Source
VMFS
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SLA’s = High