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OUTLINE Subject : Compare Windows and Linux Operating Systems Hacer ÇONDUR & Yasemin Tuğba TATLIBAL History of Computer • The ancient of computer is abacus. • first electronical computer • found by ENIAC. • weigth was 30 ton • 20.000 vacuum tubes. • It was very huge. • First personnel computer • created by IBM in 1980. • Small computers was developed by IBM. • This small computers O/S was MS-DOS. • MS-DOS was ancient of the Windows. • Then,computers are developed day by day. What is the Operating System? • (O/S) is a -computer program -manages the hardware and software -resources of a computer. -controlling and allocating memory -prioritizing system requests -controlling input and output devices, -facilitating networking, and managing files. • (O/S) is the first thing loaded onto the computer. • without the operating system, a computer is useless. History of Operating System • • • • • • 1970 Unix 1984 Apple Macintosh OS 1990 Windows 3.0 1991 Linux 1995 Windows 95 2000 Windows 2000 and Windows XP Windows and Linux Operating System • The ancient of Windows is MS-DOS. • Windows is a software. • Versions of the Windows are -Windows 95 -Windows 98 -Windows NT -Windows 2000 -Windows XP(new version • The ancient of Linux is UNIX. • Linux is a software. • Versions of the Linux are -Mandreke Linux -Mandriva Linux -SuSe Linux -Ubuntu Linux -Pardus Linux (made in Turkey ) What is the file system? • method for storing • organizing computer files and the data • to make it easy to find and access them. • storage device such as a hard disk or CD-ROM • Many filesystems found on common operating systems Windows File Systems • include FAT which is File Allocate Table. • File Allocate Table is a partially -patented file system -developed by Microsoft -for MS-DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows. • a cluster is the unit of disk space allocation for files and directories. • Fragmentation is a allocate/separate. • Defragmentation is a deallocate. Fragmente and Defragmente • The data which is wanted to save with operating system. • Fragmentation is parçalanma. • Example - MyComper/Manage/Disk Rotation/Fragmente or Defragmente… Defragmentation • defragmentation eliminates fragmentation in file systems • FAT - with a defragmentation utility • NTFS - include a defragmentation utility.. • ext2 uses an offline defragmenter called e2defrag. • ext3 has no defragmentation tool, but can be temporarily downgraded to ext2. • JFS provides the defragfs utility. (IBM operating systems only) • XFS provides an online defragmentation utility • Note: Linux filesystems try to keep defragmentation low as long as you keep 20% empty space.[2 FAT12,FAT16,FAT32,NTFS • FAT32 • FAT12 -The newest FAT type -The oldest type of FAT uses -no limitation -No support for hierarchical -supported by directories. -Windows95,98,2000 -limited directories and root • NTFS • FAT16 - New Technology File System -FAT16 is less popular then - high-performance FAT32 - Defragmenta(disk -limited directories and root birleştirici) is very quickly -15 sectors per track clusters - Windows 2000, XP, Server size went down from 2 2003 and Vista sectors to just 1. COMPARING FAT 12 ,16,32 NTFS Platter, Sector, Track, Cluster • Hard Disk has a many platter, read and write head and spindle motor. • • • • • • • • • Platter is made by glass and ceramic. They use ceramic resistance then covers surface with magnetic films. Platter save information with sectors and tracks. Each sector include 256 or 512 bytes. All sectors occur tracks in the platters. Clusters are small place which separates components above the hard disk. Save the files or programs, move these clusters. Platters Track and Sector Converts to NTFS from the FAT32 • Explain -CONVERT disk driver: /FS/NTFS • Example -CONVERT C: /FS/NTFS • Other converts… What is the Linux file system? • Has a many file system. • Such as -minix (first file system) -ext FS (Extended File System) -ext2 FS (The Second Extended File System) -ext3 FS (Third Extended File System) -ext4 FS (Fourth Extended File System) -JFS ( Journaling File System) -XFS -NSS -NFS -ISO9660 GROUP OF JOURNAL FILE SYSTEM • Some file system include journal system -JFS -GPFS -GFS -Ext3 -ext4 - XFS JFS (Journaling File System) • • • • • • High performance and scalability Journaled POSIX extended access controls used by IBM in AIX and OS/2. feature rich file system ported to Linux to allow for ease of migration of existing data. • It has been shown excellent performance across a variety of workloads. JFS Group of POSIX -ext2 -ext3 -ext4 -GFS -GPFS -JFS -XFS POSIX • Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX • Suitable for IEEE • What is IEEE ? Minix • • • • • • • • • • is an open source based on a microkernel architecture. Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the o\s to be used for educational purposes; MINIX also inspired the creation of Linux. name derives from the words minimal and UNIX. Today MINIX is not used by people. filename length limitation to 14 characters allowed 2 gigabytes of data filenames of up to 255 characters. Ext FS (Extanded File System) • first file system created specifically for the Linux operating system. • It was designed by Rémy Card • to overcome certain limitations of the Minix file system. • Powerful and extensible. • Block size is 1024 bytes • a file of 1025 bytes will occupy two 1024 byte blocks. • this means that on average you waste half a block per file. EXT3 EXT4 NTFS X Font Server The Novell Storage Services Linus Tarvolds && Bill Gates •Linus Torvalds developed. •Bill Gates developed. •The ancient of Linux is UNIX. •The ancient of Windows is MS-DOS. COMPARE AND OS COMPARE AND OS COMPARE AND OS Suse Linux and Windows XP COMPARE and -kernel is the central component of most computer OS. -managing the system's resources -communication between h/w and s/w components. -Memory ,processors and I/O devices -applications must control to perform their function. • • • • Has a monolithic kernel. GNU (GNU’s is Not UNIX) GNU is a operating system. Presented by Novell company • Suse’s name came from Software Und System Entwicklung • produce by Germany has a hybrid kernel. • Is created MS-DOS • Presented by Microsoft Corparation • Windows’s name came from windows eXPerience • Produce by America Monolithic Kernel and • A monolithic kernel • a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware • implement operating system services such as -process management, concurrency -memory management in one or more modules Hybrid kernel • Hybrid kernel - combining aspects of microkernel and monolithic kernel. - example of a hybrid kernel is the NT kernel inside Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista. LINUX Monolithic Kernel AND WINDOWS Hybrid Kernel Why does virus not enter Linux OS? • Open source • Blogged by programmers • Programmers write patch(yama) • Linux do not allow to users all rights. • http://youtube.com/watch?v=IfH285cN 35g (linux kicks windows) • http://youtube.com/watch?v=3yy51hIfI QU (windows errors)