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Peripheral (term from chap.1) Application Software Any additional hardware attached to your computer. 1 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Information Technology Chapter 3 Software Application Software: For Your Productivity & Creativity 3.1 System Software 3.2 Application Software: Getting Started 3.4 Spreadsheets 3.5 Database Software 3.6 Specialty Software Application Software 3.3 Word Processing 3 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.1 System Software Operating system the principal component of system software Utility programs support, enhance, or expand existing programs Application Software Device drivers - help the computer control peripheral devices 4 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating System Application Software A set of programs that manages the interaction between hardware and software Software that controls access to other hardware and software. 5 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Main purposes of the operating system. Determines the user interface Two types of user interfaces 1. GUI - Graphical User Interface 2. Command-Line Interface Manages the computer resources (CPU, memory, disk drives, printers) Handles Virtual Memory – hard disk space used to expand the capacity of RAM. Executes and provides services for software. File Management –The OS records the storage locations of all files. It also manages all changes to the files. Application Software 6 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Computer System’s User Interface: Your Computer’s Dashboard User interface - the user-controllable display screen that allows you to communicate, or interact, with the computer. A User can interact with the display screen using a keyboard or a mouse: Pointer - usually appears as an arrow, but changes shape depending on the application. Application Software Mouse - allows the user to direct an on-screen pointer to perform activities. 7 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The GUI Graphical user interface (GUI) - allows users to use a mouse or keyboard strokes to select icons and commands from menus. Application Software The three features of GUI are desktop, icons, and menus. 8 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop, Icons & Menus Desktop - the system’s main interface screen, which displays pictures that provide quick access to programs and information. Icon Rollover is a small text box explaining the icon’s function when the mouse pointer is moved over the icon. Rollover Application Software Icons are small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures. 9 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop, Icons & Menus Menu - a list of options to choose from--a list of commands for manipulating data. Types of Menus: Cascading menus - menus that seem to fly back to the left or explode out to the right. Application Software Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the menu bar at the bottom of the screen. 10 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Documents, Toolbars, & Windows Title bar - A bar that runs across the very top of the display window and shows the name of the folder you are in. Application Software Menu bar – a bar that shows the names of the various pull-down menus available. 11 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Documents, Toolbars, & Windows Toolbar - A bar that displays menus and icons representing frequently used options or commands. Window – A rectangular frame on the display screen through which files of data and application programs can be viewed. Application Software Taskbar – the bar across the bottom of the desktop screen that contains the Start button and that appears by default. 12 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Consists of a prompt after which, a command is entered. Example: MS-DOS dir a: to list files & directories on a disk in drive A. a:\ to change to the A directory exit to close. Application Software Command-Line interface 13 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Most important program in the operating system. Controls the entire operating system During computer operation, it remains in memory, therefore it is referred to as “resident”. Loads into memory other operating system programs (nonresident) from disk storage as needed. Application Software Kernel 14 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. How does the kernel get into memory? When the computer is turned on, a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip performs internal hardware tests and then loads the kernal into memory. This process is referred to as “Booting” the system. Application Software 15 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ROM - Read Only Memory Application Software Storage that can be “read from” but not “written to”. 16 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Refers to a computer’s hardware and its operating system. Certain software is made to run on certain platforms. Check: Memory Processor Operating system Application Software Platform 17 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating systems Application Software Window 3.x versions (Used as a shell for MS- DOS) Windows 95, 98, ME (Millennium Edition) Windows 2000 Windows XP 18 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Common Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems: Macintosh Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple Macintosh computers Application Software First successful GUI 19 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems: NetWare Application Software Novell’s Netware - a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs). 20 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems: Windows NT/2000/2003 Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS which allows multiple users to share resources such as data and programs. Application Software Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT 21 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems: UNIX UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple users with built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers. BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another interesting variant. Application Software Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and is popular for handling large e-commerce servers and large websites. 22 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems: Linux Linux - a free version of UNIX, with continual improvements resulting from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers. Application Software It is open-source software meaning any programmer can download it from the Internet for free and modify it. 23 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE/Pocket PC/Windows CE .NET Palm OS - the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies. Application Software Windows CE (now Pocket PC) slimmed-down version of Windows for handhelds. 24 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware Comes with a peripheral device either on 3.5 floppy or CD Application Software Device drivers specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. 25 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Utilities - programs which perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources. Some of the tasks performed by utilities are backing up data, recovering lost data, and identifying hardware problems. Application Software Enhance existing functions or provide services not supplied by other system software programs. 26 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.2 Application Software: Getting Started Commercial software – copyrighted and must be paid for Shareware copyrighted and free but requires a fee to be paid for continued use Freely distributed but only for a trial period. Open-Source – freely used freely copied Source code can be edited but modifications can’t be copyrighted. Application Software Public-domain software – software that is not copyrighted may be used and altered 27 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Application Software: Getting Started Freeware Programmer chose to make his/her program free to the public. copyrighted - author retains ownership. Pirated software – Software obtained illegally Abandonware – Software that is no longer sold or supported by its publisher Application Software Rentalware – Copyrighted and leased 28 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tutorials & Documentation Tutorial - an instruction book or program that helps you learn to use the product by taking you through a prescribed series of steps. Application Software Documentation - information that describes a product to users. For example, a user guide or reference manual. 29 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of Application Software Examples: Word processing programs Spreadsheets Database managers Application Software Productivity software - software whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks. 30 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.3 Word Processing Application Software Word processing software allows users to use computers to create, edit, format, print, and store text material. 31 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.4 Spreadsheets The Basics: How Spreadsheets Work A spreadsheet is organized as: Lettered column headings across the top Labels - descriptive text that identifies categories Application Software Numbered row headings down the left side 32 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.5 Database Software Database - a collection of interrelated files. Benefits of Database Software: Reduced redundancy Application Software Database software - a program that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data. Increased integrity 33 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.6 Specialty Software Application Software Presentation graphics software - uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations PowerPoint outline view 34 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Presentation Graphics Software Presentation-graphics programs offer templates to help organize presentations. Design templates - offer formats, layouts, background patterns, and color schemes that can apply to general forms of content material. Content templates - offer formats for specific subjects. Application Software Templates are of two types: 35 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Financial Software Application Software Financial software - a growing category that ranges from personal-finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business financial-management packages. Microsoft Money 36 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop Publishing (DTP) Application Software DTP involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software. 37 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Drawing & Painting Programs Drawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products. Vector image Application Software Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen. Raster image 38 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Other Specialty Software Web page design/authoring software – used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features. Video editing software allows you to import video footage to a PC and edit it. Audio editing software provides capabilities to work with sound tracks, clean up background noise, and emphasize certain sound qualities. Application Software Video/audio editing software: 39 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Other Specialty Software Project management software - program used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources required to complete a project on time. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software - allows products designed with CAD to be input into an automated manufacturing system that makes the products. Application Software Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software - programs intended for the design of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps. 40 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Application Software The following slides were not discussed in lecture. 41 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Open-source software Application Software What is the term for software which can be downloaded from the Internet for free and modified with suggested improvements? 42 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Windows CE/Pocket PC Application Software Which Microsoft OS runs on handheld computers? 43 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the name of the popular open-source version of UNIX? Linux 44 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check DOS (Disk Operating System) Application Software What was the first OS released by Microsoft? 45 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory called? Booting 46 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the term for the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based? Platform 47 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Macintosh OS Application Software Which OS, first introduced in 1984, set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces? 48 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Formatting or initializing Application Software What is the process of preparing a floppy disk so that it can store data or programs called? 49 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Device drivers Application Software What is the name for the component of system software that allows input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system? 50 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Pirated software Application Software What is the term for software that has been obtained illegally? 51 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the term for getting data from another source and then converting it into a format compatible with the program in which you are currently working? Importing 52 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What kind of software allows several people to collaborate on the same project? Groupware 53 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Graphical User Interface Application Software What does GUI stand for? 54 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the term for small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures? Icons 55 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Pop-up menu Application Software What type of menu can appear anywhere on the screen when the right mouse button is clicked? 56 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the name for a small text box explaining the icon’s function, which appears when you move the mouse pointer over the icon? Rollover 57 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What term is used to refer to the location where a row and a column of a spreadsheet intersect? Cell 58 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Recalculation Application Software What is the process of recomputing values in a spreadsheet called? 59 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Personal Information Manager Application Software What does PIM stand for? 60 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Presentation graphics software Application Software What type of application software is this PowerPoint program? 61 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What feature of word-processing software is a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping a final document? Template 62 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What word-processing software feature answers your questions and uses the answers to lay out and format a document? Wizard 63 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What word-processing software tool presents you with the appropriate word or alternative words? Thesaurus 64 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Public-domain software Application Software What type of application software is not copyrighted? 65 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Software license Application Software What is the term for a contract in which you agree not to make copies of software to give away or for resale? 66 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Database software Application Software What type of application software provides the user with the capability to query records? 67 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Relational database Application Software What type of database organizes data into related tables, each of which contains rows and columns? 68 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the term for a number or date entered into a spreadsheet cell? Value 69 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Application Software What is the name for the movable symbol on the screen that shows where you may next enter data or commands? Cursor 70 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.