Download Using Information Technology - Murray State University's

Peripheral (term from chap.1)
Application Software
Any additional hardware attached to your computer.
1
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Using Information Technology
Chapter 3
Software
Application Software:
For Your Productivity & Creativity
3.1 System Software
3.2 Application Software: Getting Started
3.4 Spreadsheets
3.5 Database Software
3.6 Specialty Software
Application Software
3.3 Word Processing
3
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.1 System Software
Operating system the principal
component of system
software
Utility programs support, enhance, or
expand existing
programs
Application Software
Device drivers - help
the computer control
peripheral devices
4
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Operating System
Application Software
 A set of programs that manages the interaction
between hardware and software
 Software that controls access to other hardware and
software.
5
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Main purposes of the operating system.
Determines the user interface
Two types of user interfaces
1. GUI - Graphical User Interface
2. Command-Line Interface
 Manages the computer resources (CPU, memory,
disk drives, printers)
 Handles Virtual Memory – hard disk space used
to expand the capacity of RAM.


Executes and provides services for software.
File Management –The OS records the storage
locations of all files. It also manages all changes to
the files.
Application Software


6
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Computer System’s User Interface: Your
Computer’s Dashboard
User interface - the user-controllable display screen that allows you
to communicate, or interact, with the computer.
A User can interact with the display screen using a keyboard or a
mouse:
Pointer - usually appears as an arrow, but changes shape
depending on the application.
Application Software
Mouse - allows the user to direct an on-screen pointer to
perform activities.
7
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The GUI
Graphical user interface (GUI) - allows users to use a
mouse or keyboard strokes to select icons and
commands from menus.
Application Software
The three features of GUI are desktop, icons, and
menus.
8
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Desktop, Icons & Menus
Desktop - the system’s main interface
screen, which displays pictures that
provide quick access to programs and
information.
Icon
Rollover is a small text box explaining the
icon’s function when the mouse pointer is
moved over the icon.
Rollover
Application Software
Icons are small pictorial figures that
represent programs, data files, or
procedures.
9
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Desktop, Icons & Menus
Menu - a list of options to choose from--a list of
commands for manipulating data.
Types of Menus:
Cascading menus - menus that seem to fly back
to the left or explode out to the right.
Application Software
Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down
from the menu bar at the top of the screen.
Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from
the menu bar at the bottom of the screen.
10
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Documents, Toolbars, & Windows
Title bar - A bar that runs across the very top of the
display window and shows the name of the folder you
are in.
Application Software
Menu bar – a bar that shows the names of the various
pull-down menus available.
11
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Documents, Toolbars, & Windows
Toolbar - A bar that displays menus and icons
representing frequently used options or commands.
Window – A rectangular frame on the display screen
through which files of data and application programs
can be viewed.
Application Software
Taskbar – the bar across the bottom of the desktop
screen that contains the Start button and that appears
by default.
12
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Consists of a prompt after which, a command is
entered.
Example: MS-DOS
dir a:
to list files & directories on a disk
in drive A.
a:\
to change to the A directory
exit
to close.
Application Software
Command-Line interface
13
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.




Most important program in the operating system.
Controls the entire operating system
During computer operation, it remains in memory,
therefore it is referred to as “resident”.
Loads into memory other operating system programs
(nonresident) from disk storage as needed.
Application Software
Kernel
14
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How does the kernel get into memory?

When the computer is turned on, a program stored in a
ROM (Read Only Memory) chip performs internal
hardware tests and then loads the kernal into memory.
This process is referred to as “Booting” the system.
Application Software

15
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ROM - Read Only Memory
Application Software
Storage that can be “read from” but not “written to”.
16
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Refers to a computer’s hardware and its operating
system.
Certain software is made to run on certain platforms.
Check:
 Memory
 Processor
 Operating system
Application Software
Platform
17
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Operating systems
Application Software
Window 3.x versions
(Used as a shell for MS- DOS)
Windows 95, 98, ME (Millennium Edition)
Windows 2000
Windows XP
18
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Common Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems:
Macintosh
Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple Macintosh computers
Application Software
First successful GUI
19
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Network Operating Systems: NetWare
Application Software
Novell’s Netware - a popular network operating system
for coordinating microcomputer-based local area
networks (LANs).
20
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Network Operating Systems: Windows
NT/2000/2003
Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS which allows
multiple users to share resources such as data and
programs.
Application Software
Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT
21
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Network Operating Systems: UNIX
UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple
users with built-in networking capability and versions
that can run on all kinds of computers.
BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another
interesting variant.
Application Software
Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and is
popular for handling large e-commerce servers and
large websites.
22
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Network Operating Systems: Linux
Linux - a free version of UNIX, with
continual improvements resulting from
the efforts of tens of thousands of
volunteer programmers.
Application Software
It is open-source software meaning
any programmer can download it from
the Internet for free and modify it.
23
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE/Pocket
PC/Windows CE .NET
Palm OS - the dominant OS for
handhelds, which runs the Palm
and Handspring Visor, and is
licensed to other companies.
Application Software
Windows CE (now Pocket PC) slimmed-down version of
Windows for handhelds.
24
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware
Comes with a
peripheral device either
on 3.5 floppy or CD

Application Software
Device drivers
 specialized software
programs that allow input
and output devices to
communicate with the
rest of the computer
system.
25
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Utilities: Service Programs
Utilities - programs which perform tasks related to the
control and allocation of computer resources.
Some of the tasks performed by utilities are backing
up data, recovering lost data, and identifying hardware
problems.
Application Software
Enhance existing functions or provide services not
supplied by other system software programs.
26
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.2 Application Software: Getting Started
Commercial software –
copyrighted and must be paid for
Shareware copyrighted and free but requires a fee to be paid for continued use
Freely distributed but only for a trial period.
Open-Source –
freely used
freely copied
Source code can be edited but modifications can’t be copyrighted.
Application Software
Public-domain software –
software that is not copyrighted
may be used and altered
27
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Application Software: Getting Started
Freeware Programmer chose to make his/her program free to the
public.
copyrighted - author retains ownership.
Pirated software –
Software obtained illegally
Abandonware –
Software that is no longer sold or supported by its publisher
Application Software
Rentalware –
Copyrighted and leased
28
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Tutorials & Documentation
Tutorial - an instruction book or program that helps you
learn to use the product by taking you through a
prescribed series of steps.
Application Software
Documentation - information that describes a product to
users. For example, a user guide or reference manual.
29
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Types of Application Software
Examples:
Word processing programs
Spreadsheets
Database managers
Application Software
Productivity software - software whose purpose is to
make users more productive at particular tasks.
30
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.3 Word Processing
Application Software
Word processing software allows users to use
computers to create, edit,
format, print, and store
text material.
31
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.4 Spreadsheets
The Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
A spreadsheet is organized as:
Lettered column headings
across the top
Labels - descriptive text that
identifies categories
Application Software
Numbered row headings
down the left side
32
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.5 Database Software
Database - a collection of interrelated files.
Benefits of Database Software:
Reduced redundancy
Application Software
Database software - a program that sets up and
controls the structure of a database and access to the
data.
Increased integrity
33
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.6 Specialty Software
Application Software
Presentation graphics software - uses graphics, animation,
sound, and data or information to make visual presentations
PowerPoint outline view
34
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Presentation Graphics Software
Presentation-graphics programs offer templates to
help organize presentations.
Design templates - offer formats, layouts,
background patterns, and color schemes that can
apply to general forms of content material.
Content templates - offer formats for specific
subjects.
Application Software
Templates are of two types:
35
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Financial Software
Application Software
Financial software - a growing category that ranges from
personal-finance managers to entry-level accounting
programs to business financial-management packages.
Microsoft Money
36
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Desktop Publishing (DTP)
Application Software
DTP involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output
for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner,
laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software.
37
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing program - graphics
software that allows users to
design and illustrate objects
and products.
Vector image
Application Software
Painting program - graphics
program that allows users to
simulate painting on screen.
Raster image
38
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Other Specialty Software
Web page design/authoring software – used to create
web pages with sophisticated multimedia features.
Video editing software allows you to import video
footage to a PC and edit it.
Audio editing software provides capabilities to
work with sound tracks, clean up background
noise, and emphasize certain sound qualities.
Application Software
Video/audio editing software:
39
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Other Specialty Software
Project management software - program used to plan and schedule
the people, costs, and resources required to complete a project on
time.
Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing
(CAD/CAM) software - allows products designed with CAD to be
input into an automated manufacturing system that makes the
products.
Application Software
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software - programs intended for
the design of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and
maps.
40
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Application Software
The following slides were not discussed in
lecture.
41
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Open-source software
Application Software
What is the term for software which can be downloaded
from the Internet for free and modified with suggested
improvements?
42
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Application Software
Which Microsoft OS runs on handheld computers?
43
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the name of the popular open-source version of
UNIX?
Linux
44
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
DOS (Disk Operating System)
Application Software
What was the first OS released by Microsoft?
45
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the process of loading an operating system into
a computer’s main memory called?
Booting
46
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the term for the particular processor model and
operating system on which a computer system is
based?
Platform
47
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Macintosh OS
Application Software
Which OS, first introduced in 1984, set the standard for
icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces?
48
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Formatting or initializing
Application Software
What is the process of preparing a floppy disk so that it
can store data or programs called?
49
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Device drivers
Application Software
What is the name for the component of system software
that allows input and output devices to communicate
with the rest of the computer system?
50
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Pirated software
Application Software
What is the term for software that has been obtained
illegally?
51
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the term for getting data from another source
and then converting it into a format compatible with the
program in which you are currently working?
Importing
52
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What kind of software allows several people to
collaborate on the same project?
Groupware
53
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Graphical User Interface
Application Software
What does GUI stand for?
54
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the term for small pictorial figures that represent
programs, data files, or procedures?
Icons
55
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Pop-up menu
Application Software
What type of menu can appear anywhere on the screen
when the right mouse button is clicked?
56
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the name for a small text box explaining the
icon’s function, which appears when you move the
mouse pointer over the icon?
Rollover
57
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What term is used to refer to the location where a row
and a column of a spreadsheet intersect?
Cell
58
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Recalculation
Application Software
What is the process of recomputing values in a
spreadsheet called?
59
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Personal Information Manager
Application Software
What does PIM stand for?
60
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Presentation graphics software
Application Software
What type of application software is this PowerPoint
program?
61
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What feature of word-processing software is a
preformatted document that provides basic tools for
shaping a final document?
Template
62
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What word-processing software feature answers your
questions and uses the answers to lay out and format a
document?
Wizard
63
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What word-processing software tool presents you with
the appropriate word or alternative words?
Thesaurus
64
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Public-domain software
Application Software
What type of application software is not copyrighted?
65
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Software license
Application Software
What is the term for a contract in which you agree not to
make copies of software to give away or for resale?
66
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Database software
Application Software
What type of application software provides the user with
the capability to query records?
67
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Relational database
Application Software
What type of database organizes data into related
tables, each of which contains rows and columns?
68
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the term for a number or date entered into a
spreadsheet cell?
Value
69
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Concept Check
Application Software
What is the name for the movable symbol on the screen
that shows where you may next enter data or
commands?
Cursor
70
Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.