Download The Middle Ages - Scott County School District 1

Medieval Period 500CE-1500CE
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Roman Empire,
modern times
Prehistoric times,
modern times
Roman Empire,
Renaissance
Prehistoric times,
Renaissance
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


Wars
Taxes
Diseases


Overrun the West
Cities fall
 Populations shift to rural areas for food
 Trade disrupted

No common language
 Decrease in literacy and learning


Church provided safety and order
Germanic people life: small communities, led by
chiefs, no respect for king (no taxes)

Clovis: Frankish Leader of
Gaul (France)
 United a Kingdom & Spread
Christianity



Germanic people
converted
Monasteries- monks lived
w/o possessions to serve
God
Convents- nuns also
followed this life
 Became best educated
communities


Charlemagne- inherits
kingdom around 800 CE
Conquests reunite West
into empire
 Crowned “emperor” by
crushing attack on Pope
 Signified union of Germanic
power & Church

He spreads Christianity &
establishes central
government
 Limits noble’s authority, ruled
justly

Supports learning and culture
 Opened palace schools
 Multilingual (English, German, Italian, Spanish)
 Son (Louis the Pious) left 3 heirs/ all faught
▪ Ended with Treaty of Verdun- divided land by 3

Muslims enter into Spain and Sicily
 Bring science and math

Christians fear the invasions
Lords owned land where peasants worked.



Based on land exchange for protection and
services (mutual obligations)
Kings, Nobles, Clergy, Knights, Peasants
Social Class inherited
 Determines prestige and power

King gave land to Lords
 Lords give land (fiefs) to vassals (lower lords)
▪ Vassals promise loyalty and service to lords
▪ Peasants (serfs) worked on manors
(estates)

Knights- mounted warriors to protect
lands

Manor- lord’s estate
 Economic side of Feudalism

Lord gives serfs land, shelter, protection
 in exchange for work


Peasants: self-sufficient community
Peasants pay high taxes & live harsh life

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

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Tax on grain and marriage
Marriages approved by lords
Had to tithe- 1/10th of earnings
Small 1 room cottages
Accepted their place in society based on bible
Holy Roman Empire




Different ranks of religious
officials
Allowed shared religious
beliefs to unify
Sacraments- important
religious ceremonies
Cannon Law- law of Church
(guides conduct)


German-Italian Empire
King Otto I (Otto the
Great)
 Forms alliance with
church
 Most effective ruler,
invades Italy for Pope
 Italians resent his rule/
Pope fears his power

Pope & Emperor clash
 Clash of choosing clergy
 Lay investiture- ceremony where king appoints
clergy
▪ 1075 CE Pope Gregory VII bans it
▪ Henry IV – “not pope, but false monk”
▪ Excommunicated- removed from church

Compromise reached/ German power declines
 Concordant of Worms- church right, emperor veto

Power struggles within Church + Empire split feudal
states

Church power weakened by:
 Clergy Marriages
 Simony- positions in Church sold by bishops
 Secular- worldly (non religious) king leads



Church was restructured to resemble a
kingdom
Extended Pope’s power & Church Authority
New religious orders revitalize the Church


Cities of God
Gothic- style of
architecture from Goth
tribes
 Tall, light and used stain
glass
 Replace Romanesque
Style

Built all over Europe
1170-1270