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Operating Systems
Computer Technology
Created by M. Guymon
Pleasant Grove High School
Spring 2003
Modified by M. Corbett
Lehi Junior High
Summer 2010
Development of computers
1st Generation computers

Used vacuum tubes.


Vacuum tubes are electronic devices that control the flow of
electrons.
Had no operating systems.

Used custom application programs (hardwired) which were made
for the specific task that the computer was to perform.

Instructions were necessary for every aspect of the computing job.
2nd Generation computers

Used transistors.


Transistors performed
functions similar to vacuum
tubes, but they were smaller,
cheaper, less power-hungry,
and more reliable.
Ran programming languages.

Used English like commands
rather than binary numbers.
 Made it possible to develop
software.
3rd Generation computers


Used integrated circuits.
Minicomputers were introduced.

Smaller and more powerful than 1st and 2nd generation
computers. Had the ability to run multiple programs for multiple
users simultaneously. (terminals)
4th Generation computers

Used general-purpose microprocessors.
 Computer
systems were smaller, faster, and less
expensive than 3rd generation computers.
Operating System Software
Master controller for all that takes place
within a computer.
 Interacts with application software, device
drivers, and hardware to manage a
computer’s resources.
 Ensures that input and output proceed in
an orderly manner.

Operating System Software
Mac OS is an
Operating system
Windows is an
Operating system
Platform
Underlying hardware and software of the
computer system.
 Two popular platforms for personal
computers

– (IBM compatible)
 Mac – (Apple Computers)
 PC
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
A type of user interface that features onscreen objects, such as menus and icons,
manipulated by a mouse.
 Abbreviation is pronounced “gooey”.
 Replaced the Command Interface (MSDOS)

Example – to rename a file
Rename c:\letters\home\moneyned.doc c:\letter\home\moneyFeb.doc
Multitasking
An important feature of today’s operating
systems is the capability of running more
than one program at a time.
 The operating system makes sure that the
instructions and data from one area of
memory don’t interfere with memory
allocated for other programs.

Definitions important to GUI
Operating Systems

Drive
A
location on a network that is set aside for the
collection of data.

Folder
 The
subdirectory or subdivision, of a drive that can
contain files or other folders.

File
A
named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium.
Definitions important to GUI
Operating Systems

Icon
 Small
pictograms that are used to represent shortcuts
to a program or file.

Menu
 An
on-screen list of alternatives or commands.
Resources
Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja.
Computer Concepts. Boston: Course
Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.