Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 1: How are computers organized? Software, data, & processing ? A computers has no insight or intuition It must be told what to do by instructions A program: a sequence of instructions Data: user data and application data User data: data entered by a user – The text of a report you entered Application data: supplied by a program – Initial font, spacing between lines, etc in MS WORD Software, data, & processing ? Processing: – a computer follows programs in working with data Computer application: – a program and its application data Software – Programs, in old days – Computer applications, now How do computers work? We find out over the whole semester. Main components in a machine? Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Direct all operations in the computer – Synonyms: the brain, processors, microprocessors Main memory or memory – Holds the data and instructions during processing – Synonyms: Random Access Memory (RAM) Input/output (I/O) devices – Allow the CPU to interact with users – Keyboards, monitors, printers, disks, etc. Main components in a machine? Network System Unit Input CPU Output Memory Disk How are components connected? Integrated circuits – chips – CPU, memory, etc Buses – Electrical passage between chips Motherboard – Circuit board hosting all the components Cards: – Circuit boards for I/O devices – Network card, video card, modem, etc. How are components connected? Bus Monitor Keyboard Disk CPU RAM What does the “brain” look like? adapter cards processor chip memory chips memory slots Expansion slots for adapter cards motherboard What the components look like? What is a “virtual machines”? A work environment for a specific task – An interface – A collection of capabilities – A way of thinking about the task Examples – MS word – Internet Explore Summary – chapter 1 Hardware components – – – – CPU, memory, I/O devices Connected together by buses Circuits combined in chips Chips placed on cards/board Software and Information – Instructions: tell the computer what to do – Application data: used by programs – User data: processed by programs Terminology Hardware Software CPU Main memory I/O devices Cache memory Bus Chip and casing Card Expansion slots Instructions Programs Computer applications Latency Processing Data