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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 1)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 6: Nonverbal
Messages
1. Nonverbal messages interact with verbal
messages
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Accent
Complement
Contradict
Control
Repeat
Substitute
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 2)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Principles of Nonverbal
Communication
2. Nonverbal messages help manage
impressions
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To be liked
To be believed
To excuse failure
To get help
To hide faults
To be followed
To confirm and communicate self-image
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 3)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Principles of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
3. Nonverbal messages help form relationships
4. Nonverbal messages structure conversation
5. Nonverbal messages influence and deceive
(“Security” t-shirt)
6. Nonverbal messages express emotions
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 4)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Principles of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
1. Body gestures, movement – kinesics
 Emblems (body movements w/specific verbal translations, ex: signs for “OK” or
“Peace”)
 Illustrators “illustrate” verbal messages (ex: the hand movement for “The fish
was THIS big.”
 Affect displays communicate emotional meaning (ex. Expressions of
happiness, surprise, anger, disgust)
 Regulators maintain the speaking of another (ex. Facial expressions and
gestures indicating “keep going” or “hold on”)
 Adaptors satisfy some need (scratching head, chewing on pencil)
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 5)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication
2. Body appearance
3. Facial communication
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 6)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
4. Eye communication – occulesis
 Functions of eye contact
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Monitor feedback
Secure attention
Regulate conversation
Signal nature of relationship
Signal status (staring contest)
Compensate for distance
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 7)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
5. Touch, tactile communication – haptics
 Highly primitive and essential
 Varies with age and relationship
 Has multiple meanings
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Positive emotions
Playfulness
Control (hand on shoulder)
Ritual (shaking hands)
Task-relatedness (checking someone’s forehead for fever)
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 8)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
5. Touch communication (cont.)
 Touch avoidance is related to communication
apprehension or anxiety
 Rules of touch vary culturally
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 9)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
6. Paralanguage and silence
 Paralanguage – vocal but nonverbal
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Rate
Volume
Pitch
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Ex. “Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?” vs. “Is this the
face…” etc.)
 We form impressions of people based on their
paralanguage
 Paralanguage affects persuasiveness
 Norms for paralanguage vary culturally
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 10)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
6. Paralanguage and silence (cont.)
 Silence communicates
 Functions of silence
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Time to think
Hurt others (stonewalling)
Respond to personal anxiety
Prevent communication of conflict or certain topics
Communicate emotions
Achieve certain effects (dramatic pause)
You have nothing to say
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 11)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
6. Paralanguage and silence (cont.)
 Spiral of silence
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We’re more likely to voice your opinion if you agree
with the majority on a controversial topic
The minority view stays silent and the majority view
gets stronger
 Different cultures view silence differently
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 12)
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Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
7. Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics
 Proxemic distances
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Intimate – 0 to 18 inches, within touching distance
Personal – 1 ½ feet to 4 feet, surrounded by
protective bubble, touch only by stretching
Social – 4 feet to 12 feet, conduct business or social
interactions
Public – 12 feet to 25+, keep your distance, people
blend into the background
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 13)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
7. Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 14)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
7. Spatial messages (cont.)
 Territoriality
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Primary/home territories
Secondary territories (your classroom seat)
Public territories (a restaurant)
Home field advantage (ppl take leadership role in their own home
or office)
 Territorial markers
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Central markers (items you place in your territory)
Boundary markers (armrests on chairs in cinemas)
Ear markers (identifying marks on your possessions– ex. your phone
cover)
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 15)
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Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
7. Spatial messages (cont.)
 Encroachment – right of invasion (my boss can come into
my office; I can’t use his)
 Unwritten rule
 Usually granted to higher status
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 16)
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Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)
8. Artifactual communication
Messages conveyed by objects made by human
hands; includes color, clothes, hairstyle, jewelry,
perfume
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Space decoration
Color communication (colors for skittles)
Clothing and body adornment
Cultural display (Hong Kong hairstyles)
Scent (olfactory communication)
CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 17)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Channels of Nonverbal
Communication (cont.)