Download nonverbal communication

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
OBJECTIVES
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Define the term non-verbal communication and its concepts
Explain the nature of non-verbal behaviors
Illustrate non-verbal behaviors
Differentiate the three primary elements of non-verbal
communication
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Identify categories/dimensions of non-verbal behaviors
Synthesize the universal elements of non-verbal
communication
Nonverbal Communication
• “Nonverbal communication is the transfer of
meaningful information from one person to
another by means other than written or
spoken language.”
Vaughan & Hogg (1998)
Categories of Nonverbal Communication
• Sign language – includes all those codes in which
numbers, words, and punctuation signs have
been supplanted or replaced by gestures
• Action language – encompasses all movements
that are not used exclusively as signals.
• Object language – embraces all intentional and
non-intentional display of material things, such as
art objects, implements, machines, architectural
structures, and the human body and whatever
clothes it.
DIMENSIONS of NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
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6.
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Body motion or kinesics
Physical characteristics
Touching behavior or haptics
Paralanguage
Proxemics
Artifacts
Environmental factors
Knapp (1972)
DIMENSIONS of NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Body communication
* gestural communication
* facial communication
* eye communication
* touch communication
2. Space communication
* Proxemics
* Territoriality
* Aesthetics and colors
3. Silence, paralanguage, and temporal communication
* silence
* paralanguage
* time
Joseph de Vito (1986)
Principles of Nonverbal Messages
1. Nonverbal communication, like verbal
communication, is contextual.
2. Nonverbal behaviors are wholes not parts or
segments.
3. Nonverbal behaviors always communicate.
4. Nonverbal communication follows certain rules.
5. Nonverbal communication is motivated.
6. Nonverbal communication is more credible than
verbal behavior.
7. Nonverbal communication often refers to other
communications.
Joseph de Vito’s Universals of Nonverbal Messages
Nonverbal Universal
Principle
Contextual
Nonverbal communication cannot be isolated from its
context.
Packaged
Nonverbal behaviors occur in clusters; usually consistent
with other nonverbal and verbal meanings.
Communicative
All nonverbal behaviors send a message.
Rule-governed
It follows rules embedded in culture.
Motivated
All nonverbal behaviors occur with some reason, identifiable
or not.
Credible
Nonverbal cues are more highly believable than verbal ones.
Metacommunicational
It refers or comments on verbal and other nonverbal
messages, by reinforcing or contradicting.
Categories of Nonverbal Communication
1. Body
Motion or Kinesic Behavior (moving/dynamic)
a) Emblems - nonverbal acts which correspond to a
direct verbal translation or dictionary definition
b) Illustrators – nonverbal acts that accompany
speech
c) Affect Displays – verbal affective statements or
messages can be repeated
d) Regulators – head nods and eye movements
e) Adaptors – most difficult to define because we
are generally unaware of it
2. Physical Characteristics (non-moving or static)
3. Touching Behavior (Haptics)
Categories of Nonverbal Communication
4. Paralanguage
a) Voice qualities – pitch range, pitch
control, rhythm, control, tempo,
articulation control, resonance, glottis
control, vocal lip control
b) Vocalizations – vocal characterizers,
vocal qualifiers, vocal segregates
5. Proxemics
6. Artifacts
7. Environmental factors
• “Public distance” – Edward T. Hall
• Classification of interhuman distance according to
Gronbeck et al. (1994)
a) Intimate distance ranges from up to 1 ½ feet
b) Personal distance – ranges from 1 ½ to 4 feet
c) Social distance – ranges from 4 to 12 feet
d) Public distance – ranges from 12 feet up
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
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Repeating
Contradicting
Substituting
Complementing
Accenting
Relating and Regulating