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Body Language The gestures, postures, and facial expressions by which a person manifests various physical, mental, or emotional states and communicates nonverbally with others. -- The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language Types of body language • • • • • • Eye contact Face Posture Hand Gestures Personal space Body contact To express each and every feeling or emotion, words are not necessary. Importance of Body Language Ekman and Friesen have distinguished three levels of nonverbal cues: Informative Behaviour Interactive Behaviour Communicative Behaviour • One’s Appearance • The way we move • The face tells much • • • • • • • Reading Body Language How prevalent is Non verbal behaviour? Body Language in Groups Personal space as it relates to Body language Tactile communication –Its touching Nonverbal attributes Environmental Influences Space: Distance doesn’t Lend Enchantment • Intimate – Close phase (0-6”) Lovers embracing, soft whispering occurs – Far phase(6”-18”) Mother-Child looking at book together; close friends discussing secret; audible whispering. • Personal – Close phase (18”-30”) Husband and wife planning a party; parent-child in friendly conversation; soft voice when indoors; full voice outdoors • Personal – Far phase(30”-40”) Discussion of subjects of personal interest and involvement; social exchange over cup of coffee. • Social -- Close phase 4’ – 7’ Impersonal business discussions; discussions with fellow workers on the job --Far phase 7’-12’ More formal business discussions • Public --Close phase 12’-25’ voice is loud but not full volume; one person addressing a small group --Far phase 25’ or more. Public speeches before large group. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Brisk, erect walk Standing with hands on hips Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Sitting, legs apart Arms crossed on chest Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Hand to cheek Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rubbing the eye Hands clasped behind back Locked ankles Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Confidence Readiness, aggression Boredom Open, relaxed Defensiveness Dejection Evaluation, thinking Rejection, doubt, lying Doubt, disbelief Anger, frustration, apprehension Apprehension Boredom Non verbal Behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Rubbing hands Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Open palm Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Tapping or drumming fingers Patting/fondling hair Tilted head Stroking chin Looking down, face turned away Biting nails Pulling or tugging at ear Interpretation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Anticipation Confidence, superiority Sincerity, openness, innocence Negative evaluation Impatience Lack of self-confidence; insecurity Interest Trying to make a decision Disbelief Insecurity, nervousness Indecision Paralanguage- Vocal associate of words • It refers to those nonverbal characteristics associated with the production of words through speech. • These include – Pitch, – Voice quality – Rate and rhythm of speech. In a Class Set up The amount of liking we have for another person is primarily communicated by body language. What do they convey ? Dramatics What has happened? Postures Gestures Facial Expressions References • William D. Brooks, Philip Emmert. Interpersonal Communications, Wm.C.Brown Company publishers. (Pages 117-143). • Fast,Julius.Body language.New York:Pocket Books,1971 • Mehrabian,Albert. Silent messages. Wadsworth publishing Co., 1971 • Knapp,Mark L. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1972. • Search engines: Images and Datas from Google, CUIL.com • Nonverbal Communications http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/index.html • Gestures: Body Language and Nonverbal Communication http://www.csupomona.edu/~tassi/gestures.htm#gestur es • About Body Language http://www.angelfire.com/co/bodylanguage/ • Body Language http://www.rider.edu/users/suler/bodylang.html Thank You Friends for being patient
