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What was life like in the middle east before Islam? What was their religion? Discuss with your neighbors(refer back to your notes—think!!!) Most of the Arabian Peninsula is made of up of the Arabian Desert Agriculture difficult Empty Quarter – largest sand desert in world Bedouins – nomads The most fertile land in the Middle East is found along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Cities developed in/around Oasis's a place in a desert where water is available near the surface. Mecca and Medina “For the west, much of the history of Islam has been obscured behind a veil of fear and misunderstanding” What does the quote mean? How did Muhammad get God’s message? What was it? Do-Now: Copy the timeline then place the events with the date. 570 610 613 622 630 632 Returns to control Mecca after years of war Vision of Gabriel, Messenger from Allah Hijrah to Medina takes place Born in Mecca to poor trading family Dies; teachings become the Qu’ran (Koran) Begins preaching in Mecca; Islam begins Seven American Youth Enter the Muslim world through the eyes of four teens around the world Read the article up to Pre-Islamic Culture. Then complete the comparison chart on the handout. This is a difficult reading so use context clue to define tough words or a dictionary at the front of the class After 10 min of silent work you may consult those around you Completes the teachings of Judaism and Christianity Muhammad last/greatest prophet Allah, God, creator of heaven and earth Priests unnecessary, communicate directly with God through prayer Word of God as given to Muhammad Should not be questioned or changed Recorded by Muhammad’s followers Pure when written in Arabic Fundamental laws of Islam that believers are expected to follow Believed to be dictated to Muhammad by God (Allah), who in turn dictated it to scribes Declaration of Faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his one true messenger.” Prayer Muslims must pray 5 times a day, facing in the direction of Mecca (the Kaabah). Also responsible for attending services in the mosque on the holy day, Friday Alms-giving Muslims are required to donate money to the poor based on what they earn The richer they are, the more they are supposed to give (2.5% of excess wealth) Fasting Muslims are required to fast from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadan Hajj (Pilgrimage) Every Muslim is supposed to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once during their life “Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying.” No pork No gambling No drinking No marriage to nonbelievers What “rule” do these quotes sound like to you? Can you identify where any of them come from? “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them.” “What is hateful to you, do not to your fellow man. This is the law: all the rest is commentary.” “None of you [truly] believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.” “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.” Matthew 7:12, King James Version (Christianity) “What is hateful to you, do not to your fellow man. This is the law: all the rest is commentary.” Talmud, Shabbat 31a (Judaism) “None of you [truly] believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.” Number 13 of Imam “Al-Nawawi’s Forty Hadiths” (Islam) As the Muslim Empire expanded, Jews and Christians came under Muslim rule They are seen as “People of the Book” and were given the option not to convert to Islam Instead, they had to pay higher taxes or lose land as a result THE BOOKS OF ALLÁH 1) Sahífa (scroll revealed to Nuh) - Noah 2) Sahífa (scroll revealed to Ibráhím) - Abraham 3) Taurat (the book revealed to Músa) – Moses 4) Zabúr (the psalms revealed to Dawúd) - David 5) Injíl (the gospel revealed to 'Isa) - Jesus 6) Qur'án (the Koran revealed to Muhammad) Write an introduction paragraph answer the following question: In what areas did Islamic civilization make significant contributions to the world? Remember: setting, 3 key points, thesis Use video notes, homework notes, classwork notes Architecture (Dome of the Rock) Mosaics Arabic alphabet Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic Dome of the Rock 1. Contained Adam’s Tomb 2. Site of Abraham’s sacrifice 3. Muhammad’s ascension Minarets – lighthouse, call to pray Mosaics – use geometric shapes Patterns Arabesques Baghdad’s House of Knowledge - Center of Islamic Golden Age Preserved Greek/Roman learning (translated into Arabic) blended & improved Persian and Indian discoveries Linked Trade Umayyad Dynasty; Script important for all documents (both religious and non-religious), religious art (no human forms shown); Scribes (received high positions in government and high salaries Literature/Poetry The Rubiyat, by Omar Khayyam A Thousand and One Arabian Nights - Persian, Indian, Arabic Ibn-Khaldun – Muqaddimah Introduction to History “History Repeats Itself” Arabic numerals (adapted from India), including zero Algebra Medicine/Optics Expansion of geographic knowledge •Algebra •Arabic numerals and concept of zero (adapted from India) •The Greeks; Copernicus Medicine Ibn-Sina Medical Encyclopedia Translated into Latin Astrolabe 3rd period first on Tuesday 2nd period second on Wednesday Study Guide Review today at lunch Test will cover all of chapter 6, all classwork assignments, study guide, unit guide