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Download Three Religions of the Middle East
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The Religion of Islam Symbol of Islam • The crescent moon is a common symbol of Islam. Muslims believe that when Muhammad received his first revelation, the moon was in its last stage, appearing as a waning crescent. Islam • Islam – True Meaning: Means submission to the will of God • Muslim – True meaning: Person who submits. Islam • Holy Book is called the KoranQur'an –The Koran contains both Old and New Testaments –Based on the teachings of Muhammad Religious Figures • Muhammad is the key figure. • Abraham, Jesus, and Moses were prophets. Beliefs • • • • • Belief in one god, God of Abraham. Arabic is the Sacred language Place of worship is a mosque Services are held on Fridays and lead by an imam In some Muslim countries the role of women are limited. • Men can have up to four wives. • Do not drink alcohol or eat pork • Main goal is to live a good moral life. Five Pillars • The declaration of Faith: – The statement of faith must be declared publicly “ That Allah is one and Muhammad is his Messenger” • Pray five times per day, always facing Mecca – One at sunrise, mid afternoon, Afternoon, before sunset, before you retire. • Giving of alms, or charity • Fast during the holy month of Ramadan – You are not allowed to eat anything from sunrise to sunset • Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca – Once in a life time, any Muslim who could afford the journey was expected to make pilgrimages Holy Cities • Mecca: the birthplace of Muhammad • Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock • Medina: Burial place of Muhammad Number of Members today • 1.3 billion people out of the world populations of 6.1 billion practices the religion of Islam. The Spread of Islam Caliph • The caliphate empire created a vast trading system. Islam was spread through books that were exchanged along trade routes. • The caliphs conquered Spain and spread Islam throughout. • By 1400’s, Muslims had succeeded in conquering Parts of Europe. The Ottoman Empire • Muslim empire that controlled what is now Turkey and parts of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Southeast Europe. • Rulers of the Ottoman Empire were called sultans, which is a term for Muslim leaders. Suleiman I • He turned Constantinople (present day Istanbul) into the center of a vast Muslim empire. • The religion soon spread from Turkey to Central Europe, North Africa, and Ancient Persia (Iran) Sects • Sunni • Shia