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Chap 15 Day 2 East Asia Do Now: 1. How were the Tang and the Song Dynasties similar? (see previous notes) Agricultural Economies of the Tang and Song Dynasties • Developed Vietnamese fastripening rice, 2 crops per year • Technology: iron plows, use of draft animals • Soil fertilization, improved irrigation – Water wheels, canals • Terrace farming Population Growth – WHY? 120 100 80 60 Millions 40 20 0 600 CE 1000 Result of increased agricultural production • Effective food distribution system • Transportation networks built under Tang and Song dynasties Urbanization • Chang’an world’s most populous city: 2 million residents – Southern Song capital Hangzhou: over 1 million Patriarchal Social Structures • Increased emphasis on ancestor worship – Elaborate grave rituals – Extended family gatherings in honor of deceased ancestors – Religious or philosophical influences??? • Footbinding gains popularity – Increased control by male family members – How? Footbindingsimilar to today? Technology and Industry • Porcelain (“Chinaware”) • Increase of iron production due to use of coke, not coal, in furnaces – Agricultural tools, weaponry • Gunpowder invented • Earlier printing techniques refined – Moveable type by mid-11th century – Yet complex Chinese ideographs make wood block technique easier • Naval technology Emergence of a Market Economy • Letters of credit developed to deal with copper coin shortages – Promissory notes, checks also used • Development of independently produced paper money – Not as stable, riots when not honored • Government claims monopoly on money production in 11th century China and the Hemispheric Economy • Increasingly cosmopolitan nature of Chinese cities • Chinese silk opens up trade routes, but increases local demands for imported luxury goods Cultural Change in Tang and Song China • Declining confidence in Confucianism after collapse of Han dynasty • Increasing popularity of Buddhism • Christianity, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, Islam also appear – How similar? Different? • Clientele primarily foreign merchant class • • • • Dunhuang Mahayana Buddhism especially popular in western China (Gansu province), 600-1000 CE -Why spread? Buddhist temples, libraries Economic success as converts donate land holdings Increase popularity through donations of agricultural produce to the poor Summary • The Chinese population underwent rapid growth from 600 to 1200. • What developments during this period promoted that growth? • Why would it be an economic advantage to have such a large population? • Why would it be a potential disadvantages to have a large population?