Download Classifying rocks

Name: ________________________
Rocks Notes: Chapter 4
Classifying rocks

Color provides clues to _______________ composition
o Granite is _______________
 High in _______________
o _______________ is dark
 _______________ silica

_______________ composition
o Rock forming _______________
 ___________ minerals make up most of the rocks in earth’s crust

Texture: the way the rock _______________ and _______________
o Grain: The particles of _______________ or other rocks that give a
rock its texture
o Grain size
 Fine: _______________ grain
 Coarse: large _______________
o Grain shape varies
 _______________ or fragments of several rocks
 _______________ or jagged
o Grain pattern
 Can be different within the _______________ rock
 _______________
 _______________
 _______________
Classification of Rocks

How rocks form: determine how a rock is _______________
o Igneous
 Cooled _______________ or _______________
o Sedimentary
 From rocks and _______________ of plants or animals pressed
together
 Forms in layers that are _______________ below the surface
o Metamorphic
 Existing rock _________ by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
 Most forms deep _______________
Igneous rocks

Igneous Rock: A type of rock that forms from the _______________ of
molten rock at or below the surface.

Classifying Igneous Rocks
o Origin
 Extrusive Rock: forms on earth’s _______________
 _______________ is most common (on ocean floor)
 Intrusive Rock: forms from magma __________ Earth’s surface
 _______________ is the most abundant
o Texture: depends on _______________ and shape of mineral crystals
 Small crystals: Lava cools _______________
 _______________ rock
o _______________
o Obsidian: no _______________
 Large crystals: _______________ cooling lava
 _______________ rock
o _______________
o Mineral composition
 Amount of _______________ affects the types of rock formed.
 Lava low silica forms _______________ rock
o _______________ with feldspar, no quartz
 Magma high in silica forms _______________ colored rock
o Granite

Uses of igneous rocks
o _______________ material
 _______________ , buildings, roads
 Countertops, curbstones, _______________
o _______________
 _______________
 Gardening
Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rock: The type of rock that is made of ____________ sediment.

From _______________ to rock
o Sediment: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or
_______________ things
o 1. Erosion
 Destructive forces _________ up and wear away rocks on surface
 _______________
 Ice
 _______________
 Particles are _______________ away from their source by wind
or H2O
o 2. Deposition
 Sediment _______________ out of water or wind carrying it
 Particles deposited as _______________ packed sediment
o 3. Compaction
 Layers _______________ up
 Particles are _______________ together under pressure
o 4. Cementation
 _______________ minerals crystallize
 Particles _______________ together as mineral solutions harden

Types of Sedimentary Rocks
o Clastic
 _______________ pieces of other rocks ____________ together
 Ex: _______________ , sandstone, conglomerate, breecia
o Organic
 Remains of _______________ and _______________
 Ex: _______________ and limestone
o Chemical
 Crystallizing of _______________ materials
 Ex: calcite, _______________ _______________

Uses of Sedimentary Rocks
o Building
o _______________
Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic Rock: A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is
changed by _______________ , _______________ , or chemical reactions.

When rock _______________ into metamorphic rock, its appearance, texture,
crystal structure, and mineral content change

Types of Metamorphic Rock
o Classified according to arrangement of _______________ in rock
 Foliated: grains arranged in parallel _______________ or bands
 Ex: shale
 Nonfoliated: mineral grains arranged _______________
 Ex: quartzite, marble

Uses of metamorphic rock
o _______________ : slate
o Sculpture: _______________
Rock Cycle

Rock cycle: a series of processes on Earth’s _____________ and in the crust
and mantle that slowly ____________ rocks from one kind to ____________

Rocks can take many different pathways to _______________ from one form
to another