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Week 2 Rocks & Minerals Minerals • Minerals make up rocks. Their properties depend on their internal structure of atoms. • Luster is their shine – it can be metallic or nonmetallic. Streak is the color of the powder that is left behind when a mineral is scratched against a plate. Hardness is tested by scratching glass; if something is harder than glass, it can scratch it. Diamond is the hardest mineral – it can scratch all the others. • Cleavage means they break in flat layers, Fracture means they just look broken. Rocks • Sedimentary Rocks: made of sediments deposited, buried, and cemented together, usually in horizontal layers, can contain fossils, fragments/clasts of other rocks. Rocks • Igneous Rocks: made from cooled molten material. – Extrusive – lava, above ground, cools fast resulting in small/no crystals (fine, glassy or vesicular) – Intrusive – magma, underground, cools slow resulting in large crystals (coarse to very coarse) Rocks • Metamorphic Rocks: other rocks are re-crystallized due to heat and pressure, banding, foliated (stripes) – Contact Metamorphism – an igneous rock intrusion heats up surrounding rock and causes it to re-crystallize, turning into metamorphic rock. – Regional Metamorphism – tectonic plates converge, creating a lot of heat and pressure which re-crystallizes a large area of rock and turns it metamorphic. Rocks • Rock Cycle: All three rock types can turn into one another by melting, weathering, erosion, heat, and pressure. Answer to Regents Review Questions 1. 1 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 1 6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 2 10. 1 11. 1 12. 2 13. 2 14. 1 15. 1 16. 4 17. 1 18. 2 19. 2