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What is a volcano? • An opening to the interior of the planet • What comes out of this opening can tell us about what is going on in the inside What do we know about volcanoes? In your table groups brainstorm what you know about volcanoes Where do we find volcanoes? What do they look like? Why aren’t all volcanoes the same? Understanding why material comes out of a volcano explosively in one spot and not at another is related to what’s happening under the surface In your table groups, brainstorm two lists: What you think are similarities among all volcanoes and What are some differences among volcanoes Hazards vocabulary • Tephra– Generic term for any airborne material erupted • Pyroclastic flow– Mixture of solid & semi-solid fragments, and hot gases which flow down the side of a volcano. Moves somewhat like a snow avalanche Hazards vocabulary • Lahar– Volcanic mudflow. Water mixes with tephra; can come from lakes on the mountain or melted ice & snow. Moves somewhat like wet cement • Lava flow– Streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from a vent. Can ignite or bury anything it comes in contact with. Others: ash fall, landslides, poisonous gases, tsunamis, earthquakes, lava fountain Volcanic Hazards Lahar Pyroclastic Flow Fires Ash Clouds Ash Volcanic Explosivity Index • VEI based on erupted volume of material • 1 up on the index = 10x as large Kilauea (Hawaii) Volcanic Explosivity Index: 0 (non-explosive) Stromboli (Italy) Volcanic Explosivity Index: 1 (gentle) Galeras (Columbia) Volcanic Explosivity Index: 2 (explosive) Ruiz (Columbia) Volcanic Explosivity Index: 3 (severe) Galunggung (Indonesia) Volcanic Explosivity Index: 4 (cataclysmic) St. Helens (United States)- 1980 Volcanic Explosive Index: 5 (paroxysmal) Pinatubo (Philippines)- 1991 Volcanic Explosivity Index: 6 (colossal) Tambora (Indonesia)- 1815 1816- Year without a summer Volcanic Explosivity Index: 7 (super-colossal) Lake Toba (Indonesia) or Yellowstone (United States): Super Volcano Volcanic Explosivity Index: 8 (mega-colossal) stop Friday, 4/6 • Who has been to a volcano before? Mount St. Helens