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Group Review GEOLOGY Rules for Group Review You must work with your group. Only one person may answer for your group. You may not talk during other groups’ turns or your group will lose points. If you repeat an incorrect answer, your group will lose points. You may not use anything during Group Review except your brains. If voice levels cannot be controlled, we will stop playing and instead have a pop quiz. Bonus Round!!!! At the end of each scoring round, there will be an opportunity for “Garbage Ball”. For this, one member from each team will be given the chance to try to shoot the Garbage Ball into the small garbage can. If the team member makes the shot, the team earns that round’s points as extra points. In the case of excessive cheering, teams can be penalized. In the case of excessive insulting, teams can be penalized. Earth Layers Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the Earth in order starting from where we live? A. Crust, Mantle, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Core B. Inner Core, Outer Core, Mesosphere, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, Crust C. Crust, Mantle, Core, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, Mesosphere D. Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core D. Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core Earth Layers Where does scientific knowledge of the Earth’s interior primarily come from? A. studying magnetic reversals in seismic waves B. studying seismic waves using the global positioning system C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by earthquakes D. studying the movement of tectonic plates. C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by earthquakes Earth’s Layers Earth has three main compositional layers, one of which is the mantle. Which answer describes the mantle? A. the thin and solid outermost layer B. the innermost layer of iron and nickel C. the hot layer of rock between the crust and the core D. the liquid layer that encloses a solid ball of iron and nickel. C. the hot layer of rock between the crust and the core Earth’s Layers The asthenosphere is the part of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move. Which of these statements best describes characteristics of the asthenosphere that allows the tectonic plates to move? A. It is soft and convection currents occur. B. It is rigid and conduction currents occur. C. It is permeable conduction currents occur. D. It is porous convection currents occur. A. It is soft and convection currents occur. Earth’s Layers The innermost physical layers of Earth are the inner core and outer core. Which two metals are the inner and outer core mostly made of? A. lead and iron B. iron and nickel C. lead and mercury D. nickel and mercury B. iron and nickel Rock Cycle Igneous rocks form when A. dead marine organisms are buried. B. sand grains are cemented together. C. magma cools and solidifies. D. mineral grains in a rock form bands. C. magma cools and solidifies. Rock Cycle Granite forms when liquid magma slowly cools within Earth’s crust. If the granite is exposed to intense heat and pressure, it can change to gneiss. Which type of change takes place when granite turns into gneiss? A. Sedimentary rock changes to igneous rock. B. Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock. C. Metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock. D. Sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock. B. Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock. Rock Cycle Over a long period of time, igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock. What must happen to igneous rock before it can change into sedimentary rock? A. It must be broken down into sediment. B. It must melt and become magma. C. Its minerals must be dissolved in water. D. It must be exposed to high pressure and temperature. A. It must be broken down into sediment. Rock Cycle What is the name of the process that removes and transports sediment from the source of the sediment? A. deposition B. erosion B. erosion C. physical weathering D. chemical weathering Rock Cycle Declan observed a rock that he found at the beach. The rock felt hard, it was yellow, and it appeared to be made of layers. Declan conclude that the rock was sedimentary. Which observation best supports this conclusion? A. the yellow color B. the layers within the rock C. the hardness of the rock D. the location where the rock was found B. the layers within the rock Plate Tectonics There have been many theories about the causes of tectonic plate movement. This movement of plates causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and create mountains and ocean basins. Which of the following is thought to be the cause of tectonic plate movement? A. convection B. deformation C. faulting D. Folding A. convection Plate Tectonics Wegener developed a hypothesis of continental drift. What evidence supported this new hypothesis? A. The similarities of fossils found on landmasses that are far away from each other. B. The movement of tides. C. The relationship between the mantle and the crust. D. The relationship between the north and south poles. A. The similarities of fossils found on landmasses that are far away from each other. Plate Tectonics The Red Sea formed as the African Plate moved apart from the Arabian Plate. Which type of boundary was involved in the formation of the Red Sea? A. transform boundary B. divergent boundary C. stationary boundary D. convergent boundary B. divergent boundary Plate Tectonics The Rocky Mountains formed when the Pacific plate collided with the North American plate. Which of the following terms describes this process? A. ridge push B. divergent boundary C. transform boundary D. convergent boundary D. convergent boundary Plate Tectonics What happens at a divergent tectonic plate boundary? A. Two tectonic plates move horizontally past one another along Earth’s surface, forming long fault lines. B. Two tectonic plates pulls away from one another, forming a rift or ridge. C. Two tectonic plates pull away from one another, decreasing rock deformation. D. Two tectonic plates collide with one another, causing subduction and/or mountain building. B. Two tectonic plates pulls away from one another, forming a rift or ridge. Plate Tectonics A theory that helps explain the causes of both earthquakes and volcanoes is the theory of A. pyroclastics B. plate tectonics B. plate tectonics C. climactic fluctuation D. mantle plumes Plate Tectonics Before a volcanic eruption, volcanologists record an increasing number of small earthquakes. What is the most likely cause of these earthquakes? A. the movement of magma from radiation B. the formation of pyroclastic material C. the hardening of magma from conduction D. the movement of tectonic plates from convection D. the movement of tectonic plates from convection Plate Tectonics Earth’s temperature increases with depth. Which of the following is a result of the motion of materials caused by high temperatures in Earth’s mantle? A. earthquakes and volcanoes B. radioactive atoms in minerals C. ocean tides D. erosion and deposition A. earthquakes and volcanoes Mountains What is the primary way that mountains are formed? A. by tension at a transform boundary B. by shear stress at a divergent boundary C. by compression at a convergent boundary D. by volcanic activity C. by compression at a convergent boundary Mountains Which of these answers best describes compression caused by tectonic plate movement? A. stress that slides rocks past one another B. stress that squeezes rocks C. stress that stretches rocks D. stress that pulls rocks apart B. stress that squeezes rocks Earthquakes Where does scientific knowledge of the Earth’s interior primarily come from? A. studying magnetic reversals in seismic waves B. studying seismic waves using the global positioning system C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by earthquakes D. studying the movement of tectonic plates. C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by earthquakes Earthquakes Unlike Florida, a transform boundary passes through California. What happens at a transform boundary that can cause an earthquake? A. Two plate collide. B. Two plates move in the same direction. C. Two plates move away from each other. D. Two plates slide or glide past each other. D. Two plates slide or glide past each other. Earthquakes On December 26, 2004, a major tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami traveled from its point of origin to as far away as Africa – nearly 5,000km. What was the cause of the tsunami? A. an earthquake beneath the ocean B. the impact of a large meteorite in the ocean C. a sudden violent windstorm above the ocean water D. a typhoon moving from the Indian ocean toward India A. an earthquake beneath the ocean Earthquakes Why do most earthquakes take place at tectonic plate boundaries? A. the rock in the interior of a tectonic plate is stronger so it does not deform. B. Earthquakes take place where energy is transferred to rock by the motion of tectonic plates. C. Earthquakes can only occur at places where magma can reach the surface and transfer energy to rocks. D. Earthquakes take place when one plate moves over another plate, which happens only at plate boundaries. B. Earthquakes take place where energy is transferred to rock by the motion of tectonic plates. Volcanoes Where are most hot spots found? A. the Ring of Fire B. in the middle of continental or oceanic plates C. along plate boundaries D. in the Northern Hemisphere B. in the middle of continental or oceanic plates Volcanoes How is the location of volcanoes in the Ring of Fire related to tectonic plate boundaries? A. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located at hot spots. B. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located along a mid-ocean ridge. C. There is no consistent pattern in the location of volcanoes in the Ring of Fire. D. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. D. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Volcanoes The forces of volcanic eruptions vary. Some eruptions explode violently and others are slow and quiet. Which type of eruption is happening when pyroclastic materials are released? A. quiet eruption B. explosive eruption C. moderate eruption D. quiet eruptions alternating with moderate eruptions B. explosive eruption Volcanoes How are volcanic mountains formed? A. by tension B. by the eruption of melted rock C. by shear stress D. by compression B. by the eruption of melted rock Volcanoes Which of the following is most likely to happen if lava from an undersea volcano flows above the surface of the ocean? A. A mountain range of folded mountains will form. B. A mountain range of fault-block mountains will form. C. A volcanic island will form. D. Earth’s crust will move vertically, so uplifting will occur. C. A volcanic island will form. Dating Rock Layers Aaron has one older brother and one younger sister. He wants to explain relative dating to them using their ages as an example. Which of these statements describes their ages using relative dating? A. Their ages are 14, 12, and 9. B. They are all about the same age. C. The boys have different ages than the girl. D. Aaron is younger than his brother, but older than his sister. D. Aaron is younger than his brother, but older than his sister. Dating Rock Layers What is the law of superposition? A. Igneous rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock, which is older than nearby metamorphic rock. B. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than the layers above it and younger than the layers below it. C. Metamorphic rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock because sedimentary rock is deposited before metamorphic rock forms. D. The exact age of a sedimentary rock layer can be found using the layers above and below it, even if the layers are not in their original positions. B. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than the layers above it and younger than the layers below it. Dating Rock Layers [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] According to the Law of Superposition, which of these layers is the oldest? A. Toroweap B. Formation Hermit B. Hermit Shale Shale C. Coconino Sandstone D. Kaibab Limestone Human Impact Different areas are classified according to land use. Which of these areas would likely have the largest human population and the highest levels of air pollution? A. a rural area B. an urban area C. a natural area D. a suburban area B. an urban area Human Impact Air pollution is caused by many different activities. Air pollution can affect human health and the health of other living things. Which of these choices gives the best description of air pollution? A. the circulating of pollutants in enclosed spaces B. the long-term health issues related to the quality of the air C. the contamination of the atmosphere by pollutants from human and natural sources D. the pollution that results from global warming C. the contamination of the atmosphere by pollutants from human and natural sources Final Question!!!! Talk to your group to decide how many points you want to wager. If you get the Final Question correct, you will add the wagered points to your score. If you don’t, you will lose the points. Final Question The 3 types of heat transfer are ……. Radiation, conduction and convection
