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Transcript
Group Review
GEOLOGY
Rules for Group Review
 You must work with your group.
 Only one person may answer for your group.
 You may not talk during other groups’ turns or
your group will lose points.
 If you repeat an incorrect answer, your group
will lose points.
 You may not use anything during Group
Review except your brains.
 If voice levels cannot be controlled, we will
stop playing and instead have a pop quiz.
Bonus Round!!!!
 At the end of each scoring round, there will be an
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opportunity for “Garbage Ball”.
For this, one member from each team will be given
the chance to try to shoot the Garbage Ball into the
small garbage can.
If the team member makes the shot, the team earns
that round’s points as extra points.
In the case of excessive cheering, teams can be
penalized.
In the case of excessive insulting, teams can be
penalized.
Earth Layers
 Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the Earth in
order starting from where we live?
 A. Crust, Mantle, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere,
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Core
B. Inner Core, Outer Core, Mesosphere, Asthenosphere,
Lithosphere, Crust
C. Crust, Mantle, Core, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere,
Mesosphere
D. Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer
Core, Inner Core
D. Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere,
Outer Core, Inner Core
Earth Layers
 Where does scientific knowledge of the Earth’s
interior primarily come from?
 A. studying magnetic reversals in seismic waves
 B. studying seismic waves using the global
positioning system
 C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by
earthquakes
 D. studying the movement of tectonic plates.
 C. studying the path of seismic waves
generated by earthquakes
Earth’s Layers
 Earth has three main compositional layers, one of
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which is the mantle. Which answer describes the
mantle?
A. the thin and solid outermost layer
B. the innermost layer of iron and nickel
C. the hot layer of rock between the crust and the
core
D. the liquid layer that encloses a solid ball of iron
and nickel.
 C. the hot layer of rock between the crust and the
core
Earth’s Layers
 The asthenosphere is the part of the mantle on
which the tectonic plates move. Which of these
statements best describes characteristics of the
asthenosphere that allows the tectonic plates to
move?
 A. It is soft and convection currents occur.
 B. It is rigid and conduction currents occur.
 C. It is permeable conduction currents occur.
 D. It is porous convection currents occur.
 A. It is soft and convection currents
occur.
Earth’s Layers
 The innermost physical layers of Earth are the
inner core and outer core. Which two metals are
the inner and outer core mostly made of?
 A. lead and iron
 B. iron and nickel
 C. lead and mercury
 D. nickel and mercury
 B. iron and nickel
Rock Cycle
 Igneous rocks form when
 A. dead marine organisms are buried.
 B. sand grains are cemented together.
 C. magma cools and solidifies.
 D. mineral grains in a rock form bands.
 C. magma cools and solidifies.
Rock Cycle
 Granite forms when liquid magma slowly cools within
Earth’s crust. If the granite is exposed to intense heat
and pressure, it can change to gneiss. Which type of
change takes place when granite turns into gneiss?
 A. Sedimentary rock changes to igneous rock.
 B. Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock.
 C. Metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock.
 D. Sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock.
 B. Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock.
Rock Cycle
 Over a long period of time, igneous rock can
change into sedimentary rock. What must
happen to igneous rock before it can change into
sedimentary rock?
 A. It must be broken down into sediment.
 B. It must melt and become magma.
 C. Its minerals must be dissolved in water.
 D. It must be exposed to high pressure and
temperature.
 A. It must be broken down into sediment.
Rock Cycle
 What is the name of the process that removes and
transports sediment from the source of the
sediment?
 A. deposition
 B. erosion
 B. erosion
C. physical weathering
D. chemical weathering
Rock Cycle
 Declan observed a rock that he found at the beach.
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The rock felt hard, it was yellow, and it appeared to
be made of layers. Declan conclude that the rock
was sedimentary. Which observation best
supports this conclusion?
A. the yellow color
B. the layers within the rock
C. the hardness of the rock
D. the location where the rock was found
B. the layers within the rock
Plate Tectonics
 There have been many theories about the causes
of tectonic plate movement. This movement of
plates causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and create mountains and ocean basins. Which
of the following is thought to be the cause of
tectonic plate movement?
 A. convection
 B. deformation
 C. faulting
 D. Folding
 A. convection
Plate Tectonics
 Wegener developed a hypothesis of continental drift.
What evidence supported this new hypothesis?
 A. The similarities of fossils found on landmasses that
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are far away from each other.
B. The movement of tides.
C. The relationship between the mantle and the crust.
D. The relationship between the north and south poles.
A. The similarities of fossils found on
landmasses that are far away from each other.
Plate Tectonics
 The Red Sea formed as the African Plate moved apart
from the Arabian Plate. Which type of boundary was
involved in the formation of the Red Sea?
 A. transform boundary
 B. divergent boundary
 C. stationary boundary
 D. convergent boundary
 B. divergent boundary
Plate Tectonics
 The Rocky Mountains formed when the Pacific plate
collided with the North American plate. Which of the
following terms describes this process?
 A. ridge push
 B. divergent boundary
 C. transform boundary
 D. convergent boundary
 D. convergent boundary
Plate Tectonics
 What happens at a divergent tectonic plate boundary?
 A. Two tectonic plates move horizontally past one
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another along Earth’s surface, forming long fault lines.
B. Two tectonic plates pulls away from one another,
forming a rift or ridge.
C. Two tectonic plates pull away from one another,
decreasing rock deformation.
D. Two tectonic plates collide with one another,
causing subduction and/or mountain building.
B. Two tectonic plates pulls away from one
another, forming a rift or ridge.
Plate Tectonics
 A theory that helps explain the causes of both
earthquakes and volcanoes is the theory of
 A. pyroclastics
 B. plate tectonics
 B. plate tectonics
C. climactic fluctuation
D. mantle plumes
Plate Tectonics
 Before a volcanic eruption, volcanologists record an
increasing number of small earthquakes. What is the
most likely cause of these earthquakes?
 A. the movement of magma from radiation
 B. the formation of pyroclastic material
 C. the hardening of magma from conduction
 D. the movement of tectonic plates from convection
 D. the movement of tectonic plates from
convection
Plate Tectonics
 Earth’s temperature increases with depth. Which of
the following is a result of the motion of materials
caused by high temperatures in Earth’s mantle?
 A. earthquakes and volcanoes
 B. radioactive atoms in minerals
 C. ocean tides
 D. erosion and deposition
 A. earthquakes and volcanoes
Mountains
 What is the primary way that mountains are formed?
 A. by tension at a transform boundary
 B. by shear stress at a divergent boundary
 C. by compression at a convergent boundary
 D. by volcanic activity
 C. by compression at a convergent boundary
Mountains
 Which of these answers best describes compression
caused by tectonic plate movement?
 A. stress that slides rocks past one another
 B. stress that squeezes rocks
 C. stress that stretches rocks
 D. stress that pulls rocks apart
 B. stress that squeezes rocks
Earthquakes
 Where does scientific knowledge of the Earth’s interior
primarily come from?
 A. studying magnetic reversals in seismic waves
 B. studying seismic waves using the global positioning
system
 C. studying the path of seismic waves generated by
earthquakes
 D. studying the movement of tectonic plates.
 C. studying the path of seismic waves generated
by earthquakes
Earthquakes
 Unlike Florida, a transform boundary passes through
California. What happens at a transform boundary
that can cause an earthquake?
 A. Two plate collide.
 B. Two plates move in the same direction.
 C. Two plates move away from each other.
 D. Two plates slide or glide past each other.
 D. Two plates slide or glide past each other.
Earthquakes
 On December 26, 2004, a major tsunami occurred in
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the Indian Ocean. The tsunami traveled from its point
of origin to as far away as Africa – nearly 5,000km.
What was the cause of the tsunami?
A. an earthquake beneath the ocean
B. the impact of a large meteorite in the ocean
C. a sudden violent windstorm above the ocean water
D. a typhoon moving from the Indian ocean toward
India
A. an earthquake beneath the ocean
Earthquakes
 Why do most earthquakes take place at tectonic plate
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boundaries?
A. the rock in the interior of a tectonic plate is stronger so it
does not deform.
B. Earthquakes take place where energy is transferred to
rock by the motion of tectonic plates.
C. Earthquakes can only occur at places where magma can
reach the surface and transfer energy to rocks.
D. Earthquakes take place when one plate moves over
another plate, which happens only at plate boundaries.
B. Earthquakes take place where energy is
transferred to rock by the motion of tectonic
plates.
Volcanoes
 Where are most hot spots found?
 A. the Ring of Fire
 B. in the middle of continental or oceanic plates
 C. along plate boundaries
 D. in the Northern Hemisphere
 B. in the middle of continental or oceanic
plates
Volcanoes
 How is the location of volcanoes in the Ring of Fire related
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to tectonic plate boundaries?
A. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located at hot
spots.
B. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located along a
mid-ocean ridge.
C. There is no consistent pattern in the location of
volcanoes in the Ring of Fire.
D. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located where an
oceanic plate collides with a continental plate.
D. Most volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are located
where an oceanic plate collides with a continental
plate.
Volcanoes
 The forces of volcanic eruptions vary. Some eruptions
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explode violently and others are slow and quiet. Which
type of eruption is happening when pyroclastic
materials are released?
A. quiet eruption
B. explosive eruption
C. moderate eruption
D. quiet eruptions alternating with moderate
eruptions
B. explosive eruption
Volcanoes
 How are volcanic mountains formed?
 A. by tension
 B. by the eruption of melted rock
 C. by shear stress
 D. by compression
 B. by the eruption of melted rock
Volcanoes
 Which of the following is most likely to happen if lava
from an undersea volcano flows above the surface of
the ocean?
 A. A mountain range of folded mountains will form.
 B. A mountain range of fault-block mountains will
form.
 C. A volcanic island will form.
 D. Earth’s crust will move vertically, so uplifting will
occur.
 C. A volcanic island will form.
Dating Rock Layers
 Aaron has one older brother and one younger sister.
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He wants to explain relative dating to them using their
ages as an example. Which of these statements
describes their ages using relative dating?
A. Their ages are 14, 12, and 9.
B. They are all about the same age.
C. The boys have different ages than the girl.
D. Aaron is younger than his brother, but older than
his sister.
D. Aaron is younger than his brother, but older
than his sister.
Dating Rock Layers
 What is the law of superposition?
 A. Igneous rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock, which
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is older than nearby metamorphic rock.
B. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older
than the layers above it and younger than the layers below it.
C. Metamorphic rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock
because sedimentary rock is deposited before metamorphic
rock forms.
D. The exact age of a sedimentary rock layer can be found
using the layers above and below it, even if the layers are not
in their original positions.
B. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is
older than the layers above it and younger than the
layers below it.
Dating Rock Layers
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
According to the Law of
Superposition, which of
these layers is the oldest?
A. Toroweap
B.
Formation
Hermit
B. Hermit Shale
Shale
C. Coconino
Sandstone
D. Kaibab
Limestone
Human Impact
 Different areas are classified according to land use.
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Which of these areas would likely have the largest
human population and the highest levels of air
pollution?
A. a rural area
B. an urban area
C. a natural area
D. a suburban area
B. an urban area
Human Impact
 Air pollution is caused by many different activities. Air
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pollution can affect human health and the health of
other living things. Which of these choices gives the
best description of air pollution?
A. the circulating of pollutants in enclosed spaces
B. the long-term health issues related to the quality of
the air
C. the contamination of the atmosphere by pollutants
from human and natural sources
D. the pollution that results from global warming
C. the contamination of the atmosphere by
pollutants from human and natural sources
Final Question!!!!
Talk to your group to decide how
many points you want to wager.
If you get the Final Question
correct, you will add the wagered
points to your score.
If you don’t, you will lose the
points.
Final Question
 The 3 types of heat transfer are
 …….
 Radiation, conduction and convection