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Why Geoinformatics? (The view of a working class geophysicist) G. Randy Keller - University of Oklahoma and UTEP It is too hard to find and work with data that already exist, and too much data is in effect lost. It is too hard to acquire software and make it work. We have too little access to modern IT tools that would accelerate scientific progress. The result is too little time for science! To remedy this situation, a number of geoscience groups are being supported by the National Science Foundation to develop the cyberinfrastructure needed to move us forward. A quick overview of a major scientific revolution Worldwide Earthquake Epicenters Volcanic Chains Mountain Chains Plates of the World EarthScope Instrumentation • 3.2 km borehole into the San Andreas Fault • 875 permanent GPS stations • 175 borehole strainmeters • 5 laser strainmeters • 39 Permanent seismic stations • 400 transportable seismic stations occupying 2000 sites (”BigFoot”) • 30 magneto-telluric systems • 100 campaign GPS stations • 2400 campaign seismic stations (“LittleFoot”) from Greg Van der Vink An Integrated Geologic Framework for EarthScope’s USArray GeoTraverse http://tapestry.usgs.gov/ Some Thoughts About Data (sets, bases, systems) •The Geosciences are a discipline that is strongly data driven, and large data sets are often developed by researchers and government agencies and disseminated widely. •Geoscientists have a tradition of sharing of data, but being willing to share data if asked or even maintaining a website accomplishes little. Also we have few mechanisms to share the work that has been done when a third party cleans up, reorganizes or embellishes an existing database. •We waste a large amount of human capital in duplicative efforts and fall further behind by having no mechanism for existing databases to grow and evolve via community input. •The goal is for data to evolve into information and then into knowledge as quickly and effectively as possible. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org A Scientific Effort Vector Background Research Background Research Data Collection and Compilation Data Collection and Science Science Compilatio n Science - Analysis, Modeling, Interpretation, Discovery CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Data layers DEM (USGS, SRTM) Geology (mostly 1:500,000) Landsat 7 / ASTER Petrology/Geochron. (e.g. NAVDAT) Drilling data (State surveys, USGS) Magnetics Gravity To get 3-D, start with tomography: add gravity, geologic interfaces, seismic interfaces, …. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES ………. Provide input to geodynamic models www.geongrid.org Building a gravity data system Major steps in the process: • Build community support via workshops and annual meetings (AGU) •Determine what the community really needs and wants (e.g., base stations) •Work out interagency agreements •Reach agreement on standards •Publish the results •Compile the data from as many sources as possible •Undertake quality control •Set up a web portal for dissemination of data and the uploading of new data •Develop new software as needed and add to a software toolbox •Advertise the project and continuously seek input •Evolve as the field and situation changes U.S. gravity database project • Participants are UTEP, USGS, NGA, NOAA, and industry. • Approach is to initially compile gravity data for the conterminous U.S. by merging data primarily from the NGA, NGS, USGS, and UTEP. • Remove the duplicate points • Remove bad points • Terrain correct the data • Include base stations, analysis tools, and tutorials Data available in 1999 - ~900,000 stations Terrain corrected stations in the new database GeoNet Interface Search Engine Search Results 4-D Evolution of Continents The Accretionary orogen perspective High Level --Plate Tectonics --Crustal Growth Through Time --Terranes --Terrane Recognition --Integration of Distributed Databases --Knowledge Representation of Domains --Domain Ontology --Databases --Data Providers Data Level CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Some examples of databases needed Geological maps Faults Geochronology Petrology/Geochemistry Gravity anomalies Magnetic anomalies Stratigraphy Basin history Paleontology Seismic images/crust Seismic images/mantle Physical properties Stress indicators/equakes GPS vectors Paleoelevation Paleomagnetic Metamorphic history DEM Remote sensing ………. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Some examples of domain cybertools needed Visualization -- 1 to 4-D Domain modeling (processes, geometry) Geodynamic modeling Integration (visual and computational models) Uncertainty and error propagation …… CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org GEON Testbed s Science Themes Testbeds CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Science Challenges Rocky Mountain Testbed The Rocky Mountain region is the apex of a broad dynamic orogenic plateau that lies between the stable interior of North America and the active plate margin along the west coast. For the past 1.8 billion years, the Rocky Mountain region has been the focus of repeated tectonic activity and has experienced complex intraplate deformation for the past 300 million years. During the Phanerozoic, the main deformation effects were the Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny, the Laramide Orogeny, and late Cenozoic uplift and extension that is still active. In each case, the processes involved are the subject of considerable debate. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Science Questions Rocky Mountain Testbed The nature or the processes that formed the continent during the Proterozoic Influence of old structures on the location and evolution of younger ones What processes were at work during the numerous phases of intraplate deformation What caused the uplift of the mountains and high plateaus that are seen in this region today What were the effects of mountain building on the distribution of mineral, energy, and water resources What is the nature of interactions among Paleozoic, Laramide, and late Cenozoic basins CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Crustal Domains In the Proterozoic, a series of island arc and/or oceanic terranes were accreted to the rifted margin of the Archean Wyoming craton. Following this period of accretion, extensive magmatism (1.4Ga) spread across Laurentia and adjacent portions of Baltica probably creating an extensive mafic underplate. The following Grenville/Sveconorwegian orogeny largely completed the formation of Rodinia. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Paleozoic The early/middle Paleozoic was a time of stability. Passive margins formed around the edges of Laurentia. The late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny included the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen and represents extensive deformation of the foreland. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Isostatic residual map CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org SOA index CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Crustal model derived by integrated analysis of seismic, geologic, and gravity data CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Mesozoic Cenozoic The Cordilleran orogenic plateau that includes the Southern Rocky Mountains can in part be traced back to Laramide time. Its history is a continuing controversy. Mid-Tertiary magmatism was extensive. Late Cenozoic extension (Basin and Range/Rio Grande rift) followed the Laramide orogeny. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Rio Grande Rift Similar to Kenya rift in most respects Deep (up to 7 km), linked basins Extension increases, crust thins, and elevation decreases from Colorado southward Magmatism and magmatic modification of the crust are minor if “mid-Tertiary” volcanic centers are considered pre-rift Deep crustal structure correlates well with near-surface geologic manifestations (symmetrical) Differences (volume of volcanism, amount of uplift?, mantle anomaly?) CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Depth to Moho (Crustal Thickness) Isostatic residual map CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Integrated lithospheric model Albuquerque area CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org LA RISTRA CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org SHEAR WAVE TOMOGRAPHY West et al. 2004 CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Kenya vs Rio Grande rifts CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org Thank You! CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES www.geongrid.org