Download Why Geoinformatics? (The view of a working class

Why Geoinformatics?
(The view of a working class geophysicist)
G. Randy Keller - University of Oklahoma and UTEP
It is too hard to find and work with data that already exist,
and too much data is in effect lost.
It is too hard to acquire software and make it work.
We have too little access to modern IT tools that would
accelerate scientific progress.
The result is too little time for science!
To remedy this situation, a number of geoscience
groups are being supported by the National Science
Foundation to develop the cyberinfrastructure needed
to move us forward.
A quick overview of a major scientific revolution
Worldwide Earthquake Epicenters
Volcanic Chains
Mountain Chains
Plates of the World
EarthScope Instrumentation
• 3.2 km borehole into the
San Andreas Fault
• 875 permanent GPS stations
• 175 borehole strainmeters
• 5 laser strainmeters
• 39 Permanent seismic stations
• 400 transportable seismic stations
occupying 2000 sites (”BigFoot”)
• 30 magneto-telluric systems
• 100 campaign GPS stations
• 2400 campaign seismic stations
(“LittleFoot”)
from Greg Van der Vink
An Integrated Geologic Framework for
EarthScope’s USArray
GeoTraverse
http://tapestry.usgs.gov/
Some Thoughts About Data (sets, bases, systems)
•The Geosciences are a discipline that is strongly data driven,
and large data sets are often developed by researchers and
government agencies and disseminated widely.
•Geoscientists have a tradition of sharing of data, but being
willing to share data if asked or even maintaining a website
accomplishes little. Also we have few mechanisms to share the
work that has been done when a third party cleans up,
reorganizes or embellishes an existing database.
•We waste a large amount of human capital in duplicative efforts
and fall further behind by having no mechanism for existing
databases to grow and evolve via community input.
•The goal is for data to evolve into information and then into
knowledge as quickly and effectively as possible.
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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A Scientific Effort Vector
Background
Research
Background
Research
Data Collection and
Compilation
Data
Collection
and
Science
Science
Compilatio
n
Science - Analysis, Modeling, Interpretation, Discovery
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Data layers
DEM (USGS, SRTM)
Geology (mostly 1:500,000)
Landsat 7 / ASTER
Petrology/Geochron. (e.g. NAVDAT)
Drilling data (State surveys, USGS)
Magnetics
Gravity
To get 3-D, start with
tomography: add gravity,
geologic interfaces, seismic
interfaces, ….
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
……….
Provide input
to
geodynamic
models
www.geongrid.org
Building a gravity data system
Major steps in the process:
• Build community support via workshops and annual meetings (AGU)
•Determine what the community really needs and wants (e.g., base stations)
•Work out interagency agreements
•Reach agreement on standards
•Publish the results
•Compile the data from as many sources as possible
•Undertake quality control
•Set up a web portal for dissemination of data and the uploading of new data
•Develop new software as needed and add to a software toolbox
•Advertise the project and continuously seek input
•Evolve as the field and situation changes
U.S. gravity database project
• Participants are UTEP, USGS, NGA, NOAA, and industry.
• Approach is to initially compile gravity data for the
conterminous U.S. by merging data primarily from the NGA,
NGS, USGS, and UTEP.
• Remove the duplicate points
• Remove bad points
• Terrain correct the data
• Include base stations, analysis tools, and tutorials
Data available in 1999 - ~900,000 stations
Terrain corrected stations in the new database
GeoNet Interface
Search
Engine
Search Results
4-D Evolution of Continents
The Accretionary orogen perspective
High
Level --Plate Tectonics
--Crustal Growth Through Time
--Terranes
--Terrane Recognition
--Integration of Distributed Databases
--Knowledge Representation of Domains
--Domain Ontology
--Databases
--Data Providers
Data Level
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Some examples of databases needed
Geological maps
Faults
Geochronology
Petrology/Geochemistry
Gravity anomalies
Magnetic anomalies
Stratigraphy
Basin history
Paleontology
Seismic images/crust
Seismic images/mantle Physical properties
Stress indicators/equakes
GPS vectors
Paleoelevation
Paleomagnetic
Metamorphic history
DEM
Remote sensing
……….
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Some examples of domain
cybertools needed
Visualization -- 1 to 4-D
Domain modeling (processes, geometry)
Geodynamic modeling
Integration (visual and computational models)
Uncertainty and error propagation
……
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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GEON
Testbed
s
Science
Themes
Testbeds
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Science Challenges
Rocky Mountain Testbed
The Rocky Mountain region is the apex of a broad
dynamic orogenic plateau that lies between the
stable interior of North America and the active
plate margin along the west coast.
For the past 1.8 billion years, the Rocky Mountain
region has been the focus of repeated tectonic
activity and has experienced complex intraplate
deformation for the past 300 million years.
During the Phanerozoic, the main deformation
effects were the Ancestral Rocky Mountain
orogeny, the Laramide Orogeny, and late
Cenozoic uplift and extension that is still active.
In each case, the processes involved are the
subject of considerable debate.
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Science Questions
Rocky Mountain Testbed
The nature or the processes that formed the continent during
the Proterozoic
Influence of old structures on the location and evolution of
younger ones
What processes were at work during the numerous phases of
intraplate deformation
What caused the uplift of the mountains and high plateaus that
are seen in this region today
What were the effects of mountain building on the distribution of
mineral, energy, and water resources
 What is the nature of interactions among Paleozoic, Laramide,
and late Cenozoic basins
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Crustal
Domains
In the Proterozoic, a
series of island arc and/or
oceanic terranes were
accreted to the rifted
margin of the Archean
Wyoming craton.
Following this period of
accretion, extensive
magmatism (1.4Ga)
spread across Laurentia
and adjacent portions of
Baltica probably creating
an extensive mafic
underplate.
The following
Grenville/Sveconorwegian orogeny largely
completed the formation
of Rodinia.
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Paleozoic
The early/middle
Paleozoic was a
time of stability.
Passive margins
formed around
the edges of
Laurentia.
The late
Paleozoic
Ancestral Rocky
Mountain
orogeny included
the Southern
Oklahoma
aulacogen and
represents
extensive
deformation of
the foreland.
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Isostatic residual map
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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SOA index
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Crustal model
derived by
integrated
analysis of
seismic,
geologic, and
gravity data
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Mesozoic
Cenozoic
The Cordilleran
orogenic plateau that
includes the Southern
Rocky Mountains can
in part be traced back
to Laramide time. Its
history is a continuing
controversy.
Mid-Tertiary
magmatism was
extensive.
Late Cenozoic
extension (Basin and
Range/Rio Grande
rift) followed the
Laramide orogeny.
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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Rio Grande Rift
Similar to Kenya rift in most respects
Deep (up to 7 km), linked basins
Extension increases, crust thins, and
elevation decreases from Colorado
southward
Magmatism and magmatic modification of
the crust are minor if “mid-Tertiary” volcanic
centers are considered pre-rift
Deep crustal structure correlates well with
near-surface geologic manifestations
(symmetrical)
Differences (volume of volcanism, amount
of uplift?, mantle anomaly?)
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Depth to
Moho
(Crustal
Thickness)
Isostatic residual map
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Integrated
lithospheric
model
Albuquerque
area
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LA RISTRA
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SHEAR WAVE TOMOGRAPHY
West et al. 2004
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Kenya
vs
Rio Grande
rifts
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Thank You!
CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE GEOSCIENCES
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