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Lesson 3 Part 1
Mixed Groups
 Noble gases
 stability what makes them useful
 Helium
 light weight makes it useful in lighter-thanair blimps and balloons
 Neon and argon
 used in “neon lights” for advertising.
 Metalloids
 share unusual characteristics
 form ionic and covalent bonds with other
elements
 have metallic and nonmetallic properties
 Metalloids
 some can conduct electricity better than
most nonmetals
 not as well as some metals, giving them
the name semiconductor.
 except for aluminum the metalloids are
the elements in the periodic table that
are located along the stair-step line
 Boron,
 metalloid, first
element in Group
13
 borax laundry
products to soften
water.
 boric acid, a mild
antiseptic.
 Aluminum,
 metal in Group 13, is
the most abundant
metal in Earth’s crust.
 strong and light
 used in soft-drink
cans, foil wrap, cooking
pans, and as siding,
construction of
airplanes.
 Group 14
 carbon family, has
four electrons in
its outer energy
level
 where much of the
similarity ends.
 Carbon
 nonmetal
 Silicon and germanium
 metalloid
 Tin and lead
 metals.
 Silicon
 second only to oxygen in abundance in
Earth’s crust.
 silicon dioxide
 crystal structure of similar to the
structure of diamond
 Silicon
 occurs as two allotropes.

 Diamond, graphite, and
buckminsterfullerene
 are allotropes of an
element.
 Allotropes
 forms of the same
element that have
different molecular
structures.
 Nitrogen family
 Group 15.
 five electrons in its
outer energy level
 tend to share
electrons
 form covalent
compounds with other
elements.
 Nitrogen
 fourth most abundant element in your
body.
 each breath is about 80 percent gaseous
nitrogen in the form of diatomic
molecules, N2.
 Group 16
 oxygen group.
 Oxygen
 nonmetal, exists in
the air as diatomic
molecules, O2.
 during electrical
storms, some oxygen
molecules, O2, change
into ozone molecules,
O 3.
 sulfur
 second element in the oxygen group
 Sulfur
 nonmetal that exists in several allotropic
forms.
 exists as different-shaped crystals and
as a noncrystalline solid.
 Synthetics
 smashing existing elements with particles
accelerated in a heavy ion accelerator,
scientists have been successful in
creating elements not typically found on
Earth.
 more than 92 protons
 except for technetium-43 and
promethium-61
 Synthesized elements
 by studying how they form and
disintegrate, you can gain an
understanding of the forces holding the
nucleus together.
 Radioactive elements can be useful.
 technetium’s radioactivity makes it ideal for
many medical applications.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzqdHkpXuy4&feat
ure=plcp