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Earthquakes An earthquake occurs when two chunks of earth suddenly move against one another. Tectonic Plates The crust of the earth is made up of giant tectonic plates that are constantly in movement and brush against one another. Fault the surface where two blocks of earth slip against each other Hypocenter area below the earth’s surface where an earthquake starts Epicenter the area directly above the hypocenter on the earth’s surface Impact of Earthquakes Shaking Earthquakes can trigger landslides and avalanches. Buildings can be destroyed by various types of movement caused by earthquakes. Impact of Earthquakes Liquefaction Loose soil is turned into liquid mud and produces sinkholes where structures can fall into the ground Impact of Earthquakes Aftershocks Earthquakes that follow a larger earthquake in the same area Aftershocks can cause buildings damaged by earthquakes to collapse Impact of Earthquakes Tsunamis Earthquakes that happen on the ocean floor create waves of displaced water. When tsunamis near the shoreline, waves grow in size and become mountainous.